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Merge branch 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

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Pull more locking changes from Ingo Molnar:
 "This is the second round of locking tree updates for v3.16, offering
  large system scalability improvements:

 - optimistic spinning for rwsems, from Davidlohr Bueso.

 - 'qrwlocks' core code and x86 enablement, from Waiman Long and PeterZ"

* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86, locking/rwlocks: Enable qrwlocks on x86
  locking/rwlocks: Introduce 'qrwlocks' - fair, queued rwlocks
  locking/mutexes: Documentation update/rewrite
  locking/rwsem: Fix checkpatch.pl warnings
  locking/rwsem: Fix warnings for CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK
  locking/rwsem: Support optimistic spinning
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2014-06-12 18:48:15 -07:00
commit c29deef32e
13 changed files with 733 additions and 146 deletions
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244
Documentation/mutex-design.txt
View File

@ -1,139 +1,157 @@
Generic Mutex Subsystem
started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
updated by Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
"Why on earth do we need a new mutex subsystem, and what's wrong
with semaphores?"
What are mutexes?
-----------------
firstly, there's nothing wrong with semaphores. But if the simpler
mutex semantics are sufficient for your code, then there are a couple
of advantages of mutexes:
In the Linux kernel, mutexes refer to a particular locking primitive
that enforces serialization on shared memory systems, and not only to
the generic term referring to 'mutual exclusion' found in academia
or similar theoretical text books. Mutexes are sleeping locks which
behave similarly to binary semaphores, and were introduced in 2006[1]
as an alternative to these. This new data structure provided a number
of advantages, including simpler interfaces, and at that time smaller
code (see Disadvantages).
- 'struct mutex' is smaller on most architectures: E.g. on x86,
'struct semaphore' is 20 bytes, 'struct mutex' is 16 bytes.
A smaller structure size means less RAM footprint, and better
CPU-cache utilization.
[1] http://lwn.net/Articles/164802/
- tighter code. On x86 i get the following .text sizes when
switching all mutex-alike semaphores in the kernel to the mutex
subsystem:
Implementation
--------------
text data bss dec hex filename
3280380 868188 396860 4545428 455b94 vmlinux-semaphore
3255329 865296 396732 4517357 44eded vmlinux-mutex
Mutexes are represented by 'struct mutex', defined in include/linux/mutex.h
and implemented in kernel/locking/mutex.c. These locks use a three
state atomic counter (->count) to represent the different possible
transitions that can occur during the lifetime of a lock:
that's 25051 bytes of code saved, or a 0.76% win - off the hottest
codepaths of the kernel. (The .data savings are 2892 bytes, or 0.33%)
Smaller code means better icache footprint, which is one of the
major optimization goals in the Linux kernel currently.
1: unlocked
0: locked, no waiters
negative: locked, with potential waiters
- the mutex subsystem is slightly faster and has better scalability for
contended workloads. On an 8-way x86 system, running a mutex-based
kernel and testing creat+unlink+close (of separate, per-task files)
in /tmp with 16 parallel tasks, the average number of ops/sec is:
In its most basic form it also includes a wait-queue and a spinlock
that serializes access to it. CONFIG_SMP systems can also include
a pointer to the lock task owner (->owner) as well as a spinner MCS
lock (->osq), both described below in (ii).
Semaphores: Mutexes:
When acquiring a mutex, there are three possible paths that can be
taken, depending on the state of the lock:
$ ./test-mutex V 16 10 $ ./test-mutex V 16 10
8 CPUs, running 16 tasks. 8 CPUs, running 16 tasks.
checking VFS performance. checking VFS performance.
avg loops/sec: 34713 avg loops/sec: 84153
CPU utilization: 63% CPU utilization: 22%
(i) fastpath: tries to atomically acquire the lock by decrementing the
counter. If it was already taken by another task it goes to the next
possible path. This logic is architecture specific. On x86-64, the
locking fastpath is 2 instructions:
i.e. in this workload, the mutex based kernel was 2.4 times faster
than the semaphore based kernel, _and_ it also had 2.8 times less CPU
utilization. (In terms of 'ops per CPU cycle', the semaphore kernel
performed 551 ops/sec per 1% of CPU time used, while the mutex kernel
performed 3825 ops/sec per 1% of CPU time used - it was 6.9 times
more efficient.)
the scalability difference is visible even on a 2-way P4 HT box:
Semaphores: Mutexes:
$ ./test-mutex V 16 10 $ ./test-mutex V 16 10
4 CPUs, running 16 tasks. 8 CPUs, running 16 tasks.
checking VFS performance. checking VFS performance.
avg loops/sec: 127659 avg loops/sec: 181082
CPU utilization: 100% CPU utilization: 34%
(the straight performance advantage of mutexes is 41%, the per-cycle
efficiency of mutexes is 4.1 times better.)
- there are no fastpath tradeoffs, the mutex fastpath is just as tight
as the semaphore fastpath. On x86, the locking fastpath is 2
instructions:
c0377ccb <mutex_lock>:
c0377ccb: f0 ff 08 lock decl (%eax)
c0377cce: 78 0e js c0377cde <.text..lock.mutex>
c0377cd0: c3 ret
0000000000000e10 <mutex_lock>:
e21: f0 ff 0b lock decl (%rbx)
e24: 79 08 jns e2e <mutex_lock+0x1e>
the unlocking fastpath is equally tight:
c0377cd1 <mutex_unlock>:
c0377cd1: f0 ff 00 lock incl (%eax)
c0377cd4: 7e 0f jle c0377ce5 <.text..lock.mutex+0x7>
c0377cd6: c3 ret
0000000000000bc0 <mutex_unlock>:
bc8: f0 ff 07 lock incl (%rdi)
bcb: 7f 0a jg bd7 <mutex_unlock+0x17>
- 'struct mutex' semantics are well-defined and are enforced if
CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES is turned on. Semaphores on the other hand have
virtually no debugging code or instrumentation. The mutex subsystem
checks and enforces the following rules:
* - only one task can hold the mutex at a time
* - only the owner can unlock the mutex
* - multiple unlocks are not permitted
* - recursive locking is not permitted
* - a mutex object must be initialized via the API
* - a mutex object must not be initialized via memset or copying
* - task may not exit with mutex held
* - memory areas where held locks reside must not be freed
* - held mutexes must not be reinitialized
* - mutexes may not be used in hardware or software interrupt
* contexts such as tasklets and timers
(ii) midpath: aka optimistic spinning, tries to spin for acquisition
while the lock owner is running and there are no other tasks ready
to run that have higher priority (need_resched). The rationale is
that if the lock owner is running, it is likely to release the lock
soon. The mutex spinners are queued up using MCS lock so that only
one spinner can compete for the mutex.
furthermore, there are also convenience features in the debugging
code:
The MCS lock (proposed by Mellor-Crummey and Scott) is a simple spinlock
with the desirable properties of being fair and with each cpu trying
to acquire the lock spinning on a local variable. It avoids expensive
cacheline bouncing that common test-and-set spinlock implementations
incur. An MCS-like lock is specially tailored for optimistic spinning
for sleeping lock implementation. An important feature of the customized
MCS lock is that it has the extra property that spinners are able to exit
the MCS spinlock queue when they need to reschedule. This further helps
avoid situations where MCS spinners that need to reschedule would continue
waiting to spin on mutex owner, only to go directly to slowpath upon
obtaining the MCS lock.
* - uses symbolic names of mutexes, whenever they are printed in debug output
* - point-of-acquire tracking, symbolic lookup of function names
* - list of all locks held in the system, printout of them
* - owner tracking
* - detects self-recursing locks and prints out all relevant info
* - detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
* locks and tasks (and only those tasks)
(iii) slowpath: last resort, if the lock is still unable to be acquired,
the task is added to the wait-queue and sleeps until woken up by the
unlock path. Under normal circumstances it blocks as TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE.
While formally kernel mutexes are sleepable locks, it is path (ii) that
makes them more practically a hybrid type. By simply not interrupting a
task and busy-waiting for a few cycles instead of immediately sleeping,
the performance of this lock has been seen to significantly improve a
number of workloads. Note that this technique is also used for rw-semaphores.
Semantics
---------
The mutex subsystem checks and enforces the following rules:
- Only one task can hold the mutex at a time.
- Only the owner can unlock the mutex.
- Multiple unlocks are not permitted.
- Recursive locking/unlocking is not permitted.
- A mutex must only be initialized via the API (see below).
- A task may not exit with a mutex held.
- Memory areas where held locks reside must not be freed.
- Held mutexes must not be reinitialized.
- Mutexes may not be used in hardware or software interrupt
contexts such as tasklets and timers.
These semantics are fully enforced when CONFIG DEBUG_MUTEXES is enabled.
In addition, the mutex debugging code also implements a number of other
features that make lock debugging easier and faster:
- Uses symbolic names of mutexes, whenever they are printed
in debug output.
- Point-of-acquire tracking, symbolic lookup of function names,
list of all locks held in the system, printout of them.
- Owner tracking.
- Detects self-recursing locks and prints out all relevant info.
- Detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
locks and tasks (and only those tasks).
Interfaces
----------
Statically define the mutex:
DEFINE_MUTEX(name);
Dynamically initialize the mutex:
mutex_init(mutex);
Acquire the mutex, uninterruptible:
void mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock);
void mutex_lock_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass);
int mutex_trylock(struct mutex *lock);
Acquire the mutex, interruptible:
int mutex_lock_interruptible_nested(struct mutex *lock,
unsigned int subclass);
int mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex *lock);
Acquire the mutex, interruptible, if dec to 0:
int atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(atomic_t *cnt, struct mutex *lock);
Unlock the mutex:
void mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock);
Test if the mutex is taken:
int mutex_is_locked(struct mutex *lock);
Disadvantages
-------------
The stricter mutex API means you cannot use mutexes the same way you
can use semaphores: e.g. they cannot be used from an interrupt context,
nor can they be unlocked from a different context that which acquired
it. [ I'm not aware of any other (e.g. performance) disadvantages from
using mutexes at the moment, please let me know if you find any. ]
Unlike its original design and purpose, 'struct mutex' is larger than
most locks in the kernel. E.g: on x86-64 it is 40 bytes, almost twice
as large as 'struct semaphore' (24 bytes) and 8 bytes shy of the
'struct rw_semaphore' variant. Larger structure sizes mean more CPU
cache and memory footprint.
Implementation of mutexes
-------------------------
When to use mutexes
-------------------
'struct mutex' is the new mutex type, defined in include/linux/mutex.h and
implemented in kernel/locking/mutex.c. It is a counter-based mutex with a
spinlock and a wait-list. The counter has 3 states: 1 for "unlocked", 0 for
"locked" and negative numbers (usually -1) for "locked, potential waiters
queued".
the APIs of 'struct mutex' have been streamlined:
DEFINE_MUTEX(name);
mutex_init(mutex);
void mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock);
int mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex *lock);
int mutex_trylock(struct mutex *lock);
void mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock);
int mutex_is_locked(struct mutex *lock);
void mutex_lock_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass);
int mutex_lock_interruptible_nested(struct mutex *lock,
unsigned int subclass);
int atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(atomic_t *cnt, struct mutex *lock);
Unless the strict semantics of mutexes are unsuitable and/or the critical
region prevents the lock from being shared, always prefer them to any other
locking primitive.

1
arch/x86/Kconfig
View File

@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ config X86
select MODULES_USE_ELF_RELA if X86_64
select CLONE_BACKWARDS if X86_32
select ARCH_USE_BUILTIN_BSWAP
select ARCH_USE_QUEUE_RWLOCK
select OLD_SIGSUSPEND3 if X86_32 || IA32_EMULATION
select OLD_SIGACTION if X86_32
select COMPAT_OLD_SIGACTION if IA32_EMULATION

17
arch/x86/include/asm/qrwlock.h Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
#ifndef _ASM_X86_QRWLOCK_H
#define _ASM_X86_QRWLOCK_H
#include <asm-generic/qrwlock_types.h>
#if !defined(CONFIG_X86_OOSTORE) && !defined(CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE)
#define queue_write_unlock queue_write_unlock
static inline void queue_write_unlock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(*(u8 *)&lock->cnts) = 0;
}
#endif
#include <asm-generic/qrwlock.h>
#endif /* _ASM_X86_QRWLOCK_H */

4
arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h
View File

@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ static inline void arch_spin_unlock_wait(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
cpu_relax();
}
#ifndef CONFIG_QUEUE_RWLOCK
/*
* Read-write spinlocks, allowing multiple readers
* but only one writer.
@ -269,6 +270,9 @@ static inline void arch_write_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *rw)
asm volatile(LOCK_PREFIX WRITE_LOCK_ADD(%1) "%0"
: "+m" (rw->write) : "i" (RW_LOCK_BIAS) : "memory");
}
#else
#include <asm/qrwlock.h>
#endif /* CONFIG_QUEUE_RWLOCK */
#define arch_read_lock_flags(lock, flags) arch_read_lock(lock)
#define arch_write_lock_flags(lock, flags) arch_write_lock(lock)

4
arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock_types.h
View File

@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ typedef struct arch_spinlock {
#define __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED { { 0 } }
#ifdef CONFIG_QUEUE_RWLOCK
#include <asm-generic/qrwlock_types.h>
#else
#include <asm/rwlock.h>
#endif
#endif /* _ASM_X86_SPINLOCK_TYPES_H */

166
include/asm-generic/qrwlock.h Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
/*
* Queue read/write lock
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* (C) Copyright 2013-2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
*
* Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
*/
#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_H
#define __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_H
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/barrier.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm-generic/qrwlock_types.h>
/*
* Writer states & reader shift and bias
*/
#define _QW_WAITING 1 /* A writer is waiting */
#define _QW_LOCKED 0xff /* A writer holds the lock */
#define _QW_WMASK 0xff /* Writer mask */
#define _QR_SHIFT 8 /* Reader count shift */
#define _QR_BIAS (1U << _QR_SHIFT)
/*
* External function declarations
*/
extern void queue_read_lock_slowpath(struct qrwlock *lock);
extern void queue_write_lock_slowpath(struct qrwlock *lock);
/**
* queue_read_can_lock- would read_trylock() succeed?
* @lock: Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline int queue_read_can_lock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
return !(atomic_read(&lock->cnts) & _QW_WMASK);
}
/**
* queue_write_can_lock- would write_trylock() succeed?
* @lock: Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline int queue_write_can_lock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
return !atomic_read(&lock->cnts);
}
/**
* queue_read_trylock - try to acquire read lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
* Return: 1 if lock acquired, 0 if failed
*/
static inline int queue_read_trylock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
u32 cnts;
cnts = atomic_read(&lock->cnts);
if (likely(!(cnts & _QW_WMASK))) {
cnts = (u32)atomic_add_return(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts);
if (likely(!(cnts & _QW_WMASK)))
return 1;
atomic_sub(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts);
}
return 0;
}
/**
* queue_write_trylock - try to acquire write lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
* Return: 1 if lock acquired, 0 if failed
*/
static inline int queue_write_trylock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
u32 cnts;
cnts = atomic_read(&lock->cnts);
if (unlikely(cnts))
return 0;
return likely(atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->cnts,
cnts, cnts | _QW_LOCKED) == cnts);
}
/**
* queue_read_lock - acquire read lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock: Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline void queue_read_lock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
u32 cnts;
cnts = atomic_add_return(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts);
if (likely(!(cnts & _QW_WMASK)))
return;
/* The slowpath will decrement the reader count, if necessary. */
queue_read_lock_slowpath(lock);
}
/**
* queue_write_lock - acquire write lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline void queue_write_lock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
/* Optimize for the unfair lock case where the fair flag is 0. */
if (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->cnts, 0, _QW_LOCKED) == 0)
return;
queue_write_lock_slowpath(lock);
}
/**
* queue_read_unlock - release read lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline void queue_read_unlock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
/*
* Atomically decrement the reader count
*/
smp_mb__before_atomic();
atomic_sub(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts);
}
#ifndef queue_write_unlock
/**
* queue_write_unlock - release write lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
static inline void queue_write_unlock(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
/*
* If the writer field is atomic, it can be cleared directly.
* Otherwise, an atomic subtraction will be used to clear it.
*/
smp_mb__before_atomic();
atomic_sub(_QW_LOCKED, &lock->cnts);
}
#endif
/*
* Remapping rwlock architecture specific functions to the corresponding
* queue rwlock functions.
*/
#define arch_read_can_lock(l) queue_read_can_lock(l)
#define arch_write_can_lock(l) queue_write_can_lock(l)
#define arch_read_lock(l) queue_read_lock(l)
#define arch_write_lock(l) queue_write_lock(l)
#define arch_read_trylock(l) queue_read_trylock(l)
#define arch_write_trylock(l) queue_write_trylock(l)
#define arch_read_unlock(l) queue_read_unlock(l)
#define arch_write_unlock(l) queue_write_unlock(l)
#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_H */

21
include/asm-generic/qrwlock_types.h Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_TYPES_H
#define __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_TYPES_H
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <asm/spinlock_types.h>
/*
* The queue read/write lock data structure
*/
typedef struct qrwlock {
atomic_t cnts;
arch_spinlock_t lock;
} arch_rwlock_t;
#define __ARCH_RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED { \
.cnts = ATOMIC_INIT(0), \
.lock = __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED, \
}
#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_QRWLOCK_TYPES_H */

19
include/linux/rwsem.h
View File

@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
#include <linux/atomic.h>
struct optimistic_spin_queue;
struct rw_semaphore;
#ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK
@ -26,6 +27,14 @@ struct rw_semaphore {
long count;
raw_spinlock_t wait_lock;
struct list_head wait_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* Write owner. Used as a speculative check to see
* if the owner is running on the cpu.
*/
struct task_struct *owner;
struct optimistic_spin_queue *osq; /* spinner MCS lock */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
#endif
@ -55,11 +64,21 @@ static inline int rwsem_is_locked(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
# define __RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(lockname)
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && !defined(CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK)
#define __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name) \
{ RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE, \
__RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(name.wait_lock), \
LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).wait_list), \
NULL, /* owner */ \
NULL /* mcs lock */ \
__RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(name) }
#else
#define __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name) \
{ RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE, \
__RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(name.wait_lock), \
LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).wait_list) \
__RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(name) }
#endif
#define DECLARE_RWSEM(name) \
struct rw_semaphore name = __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name)

7
kernel/Kconfig.locks
View File

@ -223,3 +223,10 @@ endif
config MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
def_bool y
depends on SMP && !DEBUG_MUTEXES
config ARCH_USE_QUEUE_RWLOCK
bool
config QUEUE_RWLOCK
def_bool y if ARCH_USE_QUEUE_RWLOCK
depends on SMP

1
kernel/locking/Makefile
View File

@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK) += spinlock_debug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK) += rwsem-spinlock.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM) += rwsem-xadd.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PERCPU_RWSEM) += percpu-rwsem.o
obj-$(CONFIG_QUEUE_RWLOCK) += qrwlock.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LOCK_TORTURE_TEST) += locktorture.o

133
kernel/locking/qrwlock.c Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
/*
* Queue read/write lock
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* (C) Copyright 2013-2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
*
* Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
*/
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <asm/qrwlock.h>
/**
* rspin_until_writer_unlock - inc reader count & spin until writer is gone
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
* @writer: Current queue rwlock writer status byte
*
* In interrupt context or at the head of the queue, the reader will just
* increment the reader count & wait until the writer releases the lock.
*/
static __always_inline void
rspin_until_writer_unlock(struct qrwlock *lock, u32 cnts)
{
while ((cnts & _QW_WMASK) == _QW_LOCKED) {
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
cnts = smp_load_acquire((u32 *)&lock->cnts);
}
}
/**
* queue_read_lock_slowpath - acquire read lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock: Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
void queue_read_lock_slowpath(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
u32 cnts;
/*
* Readers come here when they cannot get the lock without waiting
*/
if (unlikely(in_interrupt())) {
/*
* Readers in interrupt context will spin until the lock is
* available without waiting in the queue.
*/
cnts = smp_load_acquire((u32 *)&lock->cnts);
rspin_until_writer_unlock(lock, cnts);
return;
}
atomic_sub(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts);
/*
* Put the reader into the wait queue
*/
arch_spin_lock(&lock->lock);
/*
* At the head of the wait queue now, wait until the writer state
* goes to 0 and then try to increment the reader count and get
* the lock. It is possible that an incoming writer may steal the
* lock in the interim, so it is necessary to check the writer byte
* to make sure that the write lock isn't taken.
*/
while (atomic_read(&lock->cnts) & _QW_WMASK)
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
cnts = atomic_add_return(_QR_BIAS, &lock->cnts) - _QR_BIAS;
rspin_until_writer_unlock(lock, cnts);
/*
* Signal the next one in queue to become queue head
*/
arch_spin_unlock(&lock->lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(queue_read_lock_slowpath);
/**
* queue_write_lock_slowpath - acquire write lock of a queue rwlock
* @lock : Pointer to queue rwlock structure
*/
void queue_write_lock_slowpath(struct qrwlock *lock)
{
u32 cnts;
/* Put the writer into the wait queue */
arch_spin_lock(&lock->lock);
/* Try to acquire the lock directly if no reader is present */
if (!atomic_read(&lock->cnts) &&
(atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->cnts, 0, _QW_LOCKED) == 0))
goto unlock;
/*
* Set the waiting flag to notify readers that a writer is pending,
* or wait for a previous writer to go away.
*/
for (;;) {
cnts = atomic_read(&lock->cnts);
if (!(cnts & _QW_WMASK) &&
(atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->cnts, cnts,
cnts | _QW_WAITING) == cnts))
break;
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}
/* When no more readers, set the locked flag */
for (;;) {
cnts = atomic_read(&lock->cnts);
if ((cnts == _QW_WAITING) &&
(atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->cnts, _QW_WAITING,
_QW_LOCKED) == _QW_WAITING))
break;
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}
unlock:
arch_spin_unlock(&lock->lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(queue_write_lock_slowpath);

221
kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
View File

@ -5,11 +5,17 @@
*
* Writer lock-stealing by Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
* and Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
*
* Optimistic spinning by Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
* and Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>. Based on mutexes.
*/
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include "mcs_spinlock.h"
/*
* Guide to the rw_semaphore's count field for common values.
@ -76,6 +82,10 @@ void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
sem->count = RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE;
raw_spin_lock_init(&sem->wait_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sem->wait_list);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
sem->owner = NULL;
sem->osq = NULL;
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__init_rwsem);
@ -190,7 +200,7 @@ __rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
}
/*
* wait for the read lock to be granted
* Wait for the read lock to be granted
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
@ -237,64 +247,221 @@ struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
return sem;
}
static inline bool rwsem_try_write_lock(long count, struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
if (!(count & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)) {
/* try acquiring the write lock */
if (sem->count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
cmpxchg(&sem->count, RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS,
RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS) == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS) {
if (!list_is_singular(&sem->wait_list))
rwsem_atomic_update(RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* wait until we successfully acquire the write lock
* Try to acquire write lock before the writer has been put on wait queue.
*/
static inline bool rwsem_try_write_lock_unqueued(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
long old, count = ACCESS_ONCE(sem->count);
while (true) {
if (!(count == 0 || count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS))
return false;
old = cmpxchg(&sem->count, count, count + RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS);
if (old == count)
return true;
count = old;
}
}
static inline bool rwsem_can_spin_on_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
struct task_struct *owner;
bool on_cpu = true;
if (need_resched())
return 0;
rcu_read_lock();
owner = ACCESS_ONCE(sem->owner);
if (owner)
on_cpu = owner->on_cpu;
rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* If sem->owner is not set, the rwsem owner may have
* just acquired it and not set the owner yet or the rwsem
* has been released.
*/
return on_cpu;
}
static inline bool owner_running(struct rw_semaphore *sem,
struct task_struct *owner)
{
if (sem->owner != owner)
return false;
/*
* Ensure we emit the owner->on_cpu, dereference _after_ checking
* sem->owner still matches owner, if that fails, owner might
* point to free()d memory, if it still matches, the rcu_read_lock()
* ensures the memory stays valid.
*/
barrier();
return owner->on_cpu;
}
static noinline
bool rwsem_spin_on_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem, struct task_struct *owner)
{
rcu_read_lock();
while (owner_running(sem, owner)) {
if (need_resched())
break;
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}
rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* We break out the loop above on need_resched() or when the
* owner changed, which is a sign for heavy contention. Return
* success only when sem->owner is NULL.
*/
return sem->owner == NULL;
}
static bool rwsem_optimistic_spin(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
struct task_struct *owner;
bool taken = false;
preempt_disable();
/* sem->wait_lock should not be held when doing optimistic spinning */
if (!rwsem_can_spin_on_owner(sem))
goto done;
if (!osq_lock(&sem->osq))
goto done;
while (true) {
owner = ACCESS_ONCE(sem->owner);
if (owner && !rwsem_spin_on_owner(sem, owner))
break;
/* wait_lock will be acquired if write_lock is obtained */
if (rwsem_try_write_lock_unqueued(sem)) {
taken = true;
break;
}
/*
* When there's no owner, we might have preempted between the
* owner acquiring the lock and setting the owner field. If
* we're an RT task that will live-lock because we won't let
* the owner complete.
*/
if (!owner && (need_resched() || rt_task(current)))
break;
/*
* The cpu_relax() call is a compiler barrier which forces
* everything in this loop to be re-loaded. We don't need
* memory barriers as we'll eventually observe the right
* values at the cost of a few extra spins.
*/
arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}
osq_unlock(&sem->osq);
done:
preempt_enable();
return taken;
}
#else
static bool rwsem_optimistic_spin(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
return false;
}
#endif
/*
* Wait until we successfully acquire the write lock
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_write_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
long count, adjustment = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS;
long count;
bool waiting = true; /* any queued threads before us */
struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
/* set up my own style of waitqueue */
waiter.task = tsk;
/* undo write bias from down_write operation, stop active locking */
count = rwsem_atomic_update(-RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS, sem);
/* do optimistic spinning and steal lock if possible */
if (rwsem_optimistic_spin(sem))
return sem;
/*
* Optimistic spinning failed, proceed to the slowpath
* and block until we can acquire the sem.
*/
waiter.task = current;
waiter.type = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
/* account for this before adding a new element to the list */
if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
adjustment += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
waiting = false;
list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
/* we're now waiting on the lock, but no longer actively locking */
count = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem);
if (waiting) {
count = ACCESS_ONCE(sem->count);
/* If there were already threads queued before us and there are no
* active writers, the lock must be read owned; so we try to wake
* any read locks that were queued ahead of us. */
if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
adjustment == -RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
/*
* If there were already threads queued before us and there are
* no active writers, the lock must be read owned; so we try to
* wake any read locks that were queued ahead of us.
*/
if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READERS);
} else
count = rwsem_atomic_update(RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
/* wait until we successfully acquire the lock */
set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
while (true) {
if (!(count & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)) {
/* Try acquiring the write lock. */
count = RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS;
if (!list_is_singular(&sem->wait_list))
count += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
if (sem->count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
cmpxchg(&sem->count, RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, count) ==
RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
if (rwsem_try_write_lock(count, sem))
break;
}
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
/* Block until there are no active lockers. */
do {
schedule();
set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
} while ((count = sem->count) & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK);
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
list_del(&waiter.list);
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
tsk->state = TASK_RUNNING;
return sem;
}

31
kernel/locking/rwsem.c
View File

@ -12,6 +12,27 @@
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM)
static inline void rwsem_set_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
sem->owner = current;
}
static inline void rwsem_clear_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
sem->owner = NULL;
}
#else
static inline void rwsem_set_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
}
static inline void rwsem_clear_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
}
#endif
/*
* lock for reading
*/
@ -48,6 +69,7 @@ void __sched down_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
rwsem_acquire(&sem->dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
LOCK_CONTENDED(sem, __down_write_trylock, __down_write);
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_write);
@ -59,8 +81,11 @@ int down_write_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
int ret = __down_write_trylock(sem);
if (ret == 1)
if (ret == 1) {
rwsem_acquire(&sem->dep_map, 0, 1, _RET_IP_);
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
}
return ret;
}
@ -85,6 +110,7 @@ void up_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
rwsem_release(&sem->dep_map, 1, _RET_IP_);
rwsem_clear_owner(sem);
__up_write(sem);
}
@ -99,6 +125,7 @@ void downgrade_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
* lockdep: a downgraded write will live on as a write
* dependency.
*/
rwsem_clear_owner(sem);
__downgrade_write(sem);
}
@ -122,6 +149,7 @@ void _down_write_nest_lock(struct rw_semaphore *sem, struct lockdep_map *nest)
rwsem_acquire_nest(&sem->dep_map, 0, 0, nest, _RET_IP_);
LOCK_CONTENDED(sem, __down_write_trylock, __down_write);
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(_down_write_nest_lock);
@ -141,6 +169,7 @@ void down_write_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass)
rwsem_acquire(&sem->dep_map, subclass, 0, _RET_IP_);
LOCK_CONTENDED(sem, __down_write_trylock, __down_write);
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_write_nested);