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mm: more intensive memory corruption debugging

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With CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC configured, the CPU will generate an exception
on access (read,write) to an unallocated page, which permits us to catch
code which corrupts memory.  However the kernel is trying to maximise
memory usage, hence there are usually few free pages in the system and
buggy code usually corrupts some crucial data.

This patch changes the buddy allocator to keep more free/protected pages
and to interlace free/protected and allocated pages to increase the
probability of catching corruption.

When the kernel is compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC,
debug_guardpage_minorder defines the minimum order used by the page
allocator to grant a request.  The requested size will be returned with
the remaining pages used as guard pages.

The default value of debug_guardpage_minorder is zero: no change from
current behaviour.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak documentation, s/flg/flag/]
Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This commit is contained in:
Stanislaw Gruszka 2012-01-10 15:07:28 -08:00 committed by Linus Torvalds
parent 1399ff86f2
commit c0a32fc5a2
5 changed files with 113 additions and 7 deletions
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19
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -623,6 +623,25 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
no_debug_objects
[KNL] Disable object debugging
debug_guardpage_minorder=
[KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
random memory location. Note that there exists a class
of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
bypassed) which are not detectable by
CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
tracking down these problems.
debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
decnet.addr= [HW,NET]

17
include/linux/mm.h
View File

@ -1618,5 +1618,22 @@ extern void copy_user_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
unsigned int pages_per_huge_page);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || CONFIG_HUGETLBFS */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
extern unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;
static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void)
{
return _debug_guardpage_minorder;
}
static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page)
{
return test_bit(PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_GUARD, &page->debug_flags);
}
#else
static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void) { return 0; }
static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page) { return false; }
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */
#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* _LINUX_MM_H */

4
include/linux/page-debug-flags.h
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
enum page_debug_flags {
PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_POISON, /* Page is poisoned */
PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_GUARD,
};
/*
@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ enum page_debug_flags {
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS
#if !defined(CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING) \
#if !defined(CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING) && \
!defined(CONFIG_PAGE_GUARD) \
/* && !defined(CONFIG_PAGE_DEBUG_SOMETHING_ELSE) && ... */
#error WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS is turned on with no debug features!
#endif

5
mm/Kconfig.debug
View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ config DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
depends on !HIBERNATION || ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC && !PPC && !SPARC
depends on !KMEMCHECK
select PAGE_POISONING if !ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
select PAGE_GUARD if ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
---help---
Unmap pages from the kernel linear mapping after free_pages().
This results in a large slowdown, but helps to find certain types
@ -22,3 +23,7 @@ config WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS
config PAGE_POISONING
bool
select WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS
config PAGE_GUARD
bool
select WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS

75
mm/page_alloc.c
View File

@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
#include <linux/ftrace_event.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/page-debug-flags.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
@ -388,6 +389,37 @@ static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
clear_highpage(page + i);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;
static int __init debug_guardpage_minorder_setup(char *buf)
{
unsigned long res;
if (kstrtoul(buf, 10, &res) < 0 || res > MAX_ORDER / 2) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Bad debug_guardpage_minorder value\n");
return 0;
}
_debug_guardpage_minorder = res;
printk(KERN_INFO "Setting debug_guardpage_minorder to %lu\n", res);
return 0;
}
__setup("debug_guardpage_minorder=", debug_guardpage_minorder_setup);
static inline void set_page_guard_flag(struct page *page)
{
__set_bit(PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_GUARD, &page->debug_flags);
}
static inline void clear_page_guard_flag(struct page *page)
{
__clear_bit(PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_GUARD, &page->debug_flags);
}
#else
static inline void set_page_guard_flag(struct page *page) { }
static inline void clear_page_guard_flag(struct page *page) { }
#endif
static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order)
{
set_page_private(page, order);
@ -445,6 +477,11 @@ static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
return 0;
if (page_is_guard(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
VM_BUG_ON(page_count(buddy) != 0);
return 1;
}
if (PageBuddy(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
VM_BUG_ON(page_count(buddy) != 0);
return 1;
@ -501,11 +538,19 @@ static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
buddy = page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
break;
/* Our buddy is free, merge with it and move up one order. */
list_del(&buddy->lru);
zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
rmv_page_order(buddy);
/*
* Our buddy is free or it is CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC guard page,
* merge with it and move up one order.
*/
if (page_is_guard(buddy)) {
clear_page_guard_flag(buddy);
set_page_private(page, 0);
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, 1 << order);
} else {
list_del(&buddy->lru);
zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
rmv_page_order(buddy);
}
combined_idx = buddy_idx & page_idx;
page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
page_idx = combined_idx;
@ -731,6 +776,23 @@ static inline void expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
high--;
size >>= 1;
VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
if (high < debug_guardpage_minorder()) {
/*
* Mark as guard pages (or page), that will allow to
* merge back to allocator when buddy will be freed.
* Corresponding page table entries will not be touched,
* pages will stay not present in virtual address space
*/
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page[size].lru);
set_page_guard_flag(&page[size]);
set_page_private(&page[size], high);
/* Guard pages are not available for any usage */
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(1 << high));
continue;
}
#endif
list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
area->nr_free++;
set_page_order(&page[size], high);
@ -1754,7 +1816,8 @@ void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, int order, const char *fmt, ...)
{
unsigned int filter = SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;
if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) || !__ratelimit(&nopage_rs))
if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) || !__ratelimit(&nopage_rs) ||
debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0)
return;
/*