docs: dt-bindings: add DTS Coding Style document

Document preferred coding style for Devicetree sources (DTS and DTSI),
to bring consistency among all (sub)architectures and ease in reviews.

Cc: Andrew Davis <afd@ti.com>
cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Cc: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org>
Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai <wens@kernel.org>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@linaro.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Matthias Brugger <matthias.bgg@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <michal.simek@amd.com>
Cc: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org>
Cc: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Cc: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Cc: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Acked-by: Konrad Dybcio <konradybcio@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Reviewed-by: Francesco Dolcini <francesco.dolcini@toradex.com>
Reviewed-by: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231203174622.18402-1-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
[robh: quote property names in order of properties section]
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dts-coding-style.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=====================================
+Devicetree Sources (DTS) Coding Style
+=====================================
+
+When writing Devicetree Sources (DTS) please observe below guidelines.  They
+should be considered complementary to any rules expressed already in
+the Devicetree Specification and the dtc compiler (including W=1 and W=2
+builds).
+
+Individual architectures and subarchitectures can define additional rules,
+making the coding style stricter.
+
+Naming and Valid Characters
+---------------------------
+
+The Devicetree Specification allows a broad range of characters in node
+and property names, but this coding style narrows the range down to achieve
+better code readability.
+
+1. Node and property names can use only the following characters:
+
+   * Lowercase characters: [a-z]
+   * Digits: [0-9]
+   * Dash: -
+
+2. Labels can use only the following characters:
+
+   * Lowercase characters: [a-z]
+   * Digits: [0-9]
+   * Underscore: _
+
+3. Unless a bus defines differently, unit addresses shall use lowercase
+   hexadecimal digits, without leading zeros (padding).
+
+4. Hex values in properties, e.g. "reg", shall use lowercase hex.  The address
+   part can be padded with leading zeros.
+
+Example::
+
+	gpi_dma2: dma-controller@a00000 {
+		compatible = "qcom,sm8550-gpi-dma", "qcom,sm6350-gpi-dma";
+		reg = <0x0 0x00a00000 0x0 0x60000>;
+	}
+
+Order of Nodes
+--------------
+
+1. Nodes on any bus, thus using unit addresses for children, shall be
+   ordered by unit address in ascending order.
+   Alternatively for some subarchitectures, nodes of the same type can be
+   grouped together, e.g. all I2C controllers one after another even if this
+   breaks unit address ordering.
+
+2. Nodes without unit addresses shall be ordered alpha-numerically by the node
+   name.  For a few node types, they can be ordered by the main property, e.g.
+   pin configuration states ordered by value of "pins" property.
+
+3. When extending nodes in the board DTS via &label, the entries shall be
+   ordered either alpha-numerically or by keeping the order from DTSI, where
+   the choice depends on the subarchitecture.
+
+The above-described ordering rules are easy to enforce during review, reduce
+chances of conflicts for simultaneous additions of new nodes to a file and help
+in navigating through the DTS source.
+
+Example::
+
+	/* SoC DTSI */
+
+	/ {
+		cpus {
+			/* ... */
+		};
+
+		psci {
+			/* ... */
+		};
+
+		soc@0 {
+			dma: dma-controller@10000 {
+				/* ... */
+			};
+
+			clk: clock-controller@80000 {
+				/* ... */
+			};
+		};
+	};
+
+	/* Board DTS - alphabetical order */
+
+	&clk {
+		/* ... */
+	};
+
+	&dma {
+		/* ... */
+	};
+
+	/* Board DTS - alternative order, keep as DTSI */
+
+	&dma {
+		/* ... */
+	};
+
+	&clk {
+		/* ... */
+	};
+
+Order of Properties in Device Node
+----------------------------------
+
+The following order of properties in device nodes is preferred:
+
+1. "compatible"
+2. "reg"
+3. "ranges"
+4. Standard/common properties (defined by common bindings, e.g. without
+   vendor-prefixes)
+5. Vendor-specific properties
+6. "status" (if applicable)
+7. Child nodes, where each node is preceded with a blank line
+
+The "status" property is by default "okay", thus it can be omitted.
+
+The above-described ordering follows this approach:
+
+1. Most important properties start the node: compatible then bus addressing to
+   match unit address.
+2. Each node will have common properties in similar place.
+3. Status is the last information to annotate that device node is or is not
+   finished (board resources are needed).
+
+Example::
+
+	/* SoC DTSI */
+
+	device_node: device-class@6789abc {
+		compatible = "vendor,device";
+		reg = <0x0 0x06789abc 0x0 0xa123>;
+		ranges = <0x0 0x0 0x06789abc 0x1000>;
+		#dma-cells = <1>;
+		clocks = <&clock_controller 0>, <&clock_controller 1>;
+		clock-names = "bus", "host";
+		vendor,custom-property = <2>;
+		status = "disabled";
+
+		child_node: child-class@100 {
+			reg = <0x100 0x200>;
+			/* ... */
+		};
+	};
+
+	/* Board DTS */
+
+	&device_node {
+		vdd-supply = <&board_vreg1>;
+		status = "okay";
+	}
+
+Indentation
+-----------
+
+1. Use indentation according to Documentation/process/coding-style.rst.
+2. Each entry in arrays with multiple cells, e.g. "reg" with two IO addresses,
+   shall be enclosed in <>.
+3. For arrays spanning across lines, it is preferred to align the continued
+   entries with opening < from the first line.
+
+Example::
+
+	thermal-sensor@c271000 {
+		compatible = "qcom,sm8550-tsens", "qcom,tsens-v2";
+		reg = <0x0 0x0c271000 0x0 0x1000>,
+		      <0x0 0x0c222000 0x0 0x1000>;
+	};
+
+Organizing DTSI and DTS
+-----------------------
+
+The DTSI and DTS files shall be organized in a way representing the common,
+reusable parts of hardware.  Typically, this means organizing DTSI and DTS files
+into several files:
+
+1. DTSI with contents of the entire SoC, without nodes for hardware not present
+   on the SoC.
+2. If applicable: DTSI with common or re-usable parts of the hardware, e.g.
+   entire System-on-Module.
+3. DTS representing the board.
+
+Hardware components that are present on the board shall be placed in the
+board DTS, not in the SoC or SoM DTSI.  A partial exception is a common
+external reference SoC input clock, which could be coded as a fixed-clock in
+the SoC DTSI with its frequency provided by each board DTS.

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/index.rst

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
    :maxdepth: 1
 
    ABI
+   dts-coding-style
    writing-bindings
    writing-schema
    submitting-patches