linux/arch/arm64/Makefile

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#
# arch/arm64/Makefile
#
# This file is included by the global makefile so that you can add your own
# architecture-specific flags and dependencies.
#
# This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
# License. See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
# for more details.
#
# Copyright (C) 1995-2001 by Russell King
LDFLAGS_vmlinux :=-p --no-undefined -X
CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds = -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)
GZFLAGS :=-9
arm64: prevent regressions in compressed kernel image size when upgrading to binutils 2.27 Upon upgrading to binutils 2.27, we found that our lz4 and gzip compressed kernel images were significantly larger, resulting is 10ms boot time regressions. As noted by Rahul: "aarch64 binaries uses RELA relocations, where each relocation entry includes an addend value. This is similar to x86_64. On x86_64, the addend values are also stored at the relocation offset for relative relocations. This is an optimization: in the case where code does not need to be relocated, the loader can simply skip processing relative relocations. In binutils-2.25, both bfd and gold linkers did this for x86_64, but only the gold linker did this for aarch64. The kernel build here is using the bfd linker, which stored zeroes at the relocation offsets for relative relocations. Since a set of zeroes compresses better than a set of non-zero addend values, this behavior was resulting in much better lz4 compression. The bfd linker in binutils-2.27 is now storing the actual addend values at the relocation offsets. The behavior is now consistent with what it does for x86_64 and what gold linker does for both architectures. The change happened in this upstream commit: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=1f56df9d0d5ad89806c24e71f296576d82344613 Since a bunch of zeroes got replaced by non-zero addend values, we see the side effect of lz4 compressed image being a bit bigger. To get the old behavior from the bfd linker, "--no-apply-dynamic-relocs" flag can be used: $ LDFLAGS="--no-apply-dynamic-relocs" make With this flag, the compressed image size is back to what it was with binutils-2.25. If the kernel is using ASLR, there aren't additional runtime costs to --no-apply-dynamic-relocs, as the relocations will need to be applied again anyway after the kernel is relocated to a random address. If the kernel is not using ASLR, then presumably the current default behavior of the linker is better. Since the static linker performed the dynamic relocs, and the kernel is not moved to a different address at load time, it can skip applying the relocations all over again." Some measurements: $ ld -v GNU ld (binutils-2.25-f3d35cf6) 2.25.51.20141117 ^ $ ls -l vmlinux -rwxr-x--- 1 ndesaulniers eng 300652760 Oct 26 11:57 vmlinux $ ls -l Image.lz4-dtb -rw-r----- 1 ndesaulniers eng 16932627 Oct 26 11:57 Image.lz4-dtb $ ld -v GNU ld (binutils-2.27-53dd00a1) 2.27.0.20170315 ^ pre patch: $ ls -l vmlinux -rwxr-x--- 1 ndesaulniers eng 300376208 Oct 26 11:43 vmlinux $ ls -l Image.lz4-dtb -rw-r----- 1 ndesaulniers eng 18159474 Oct 26 11:43 Image.lz4-dtb post patch: $ ls -l vmlinux -rwxr-x--- 1 ndesaulniers eng 300376208 Oct 26 12:06 vmlinux $ ls -l Image.lz4-dtb -rw-r----- 1 ndesaulniers eng 16932466 Oct 26 12:06 Image.lz4-dtb By Siqi's measurement w/ gzip: binutils 2.27 with this patch (with --no-apply-dynamic-relocs): Image 41535488 Image.gz 13404067 binutils 2.27 without this patch (without --no-apply-dynamic-relocs): Image 41535488 Image.gz 14125516 Any compression scheme should be able to get better results from the longer runs of zeros, not just GZIP and LZ4. 10ms boot time savings isn't anything to get excited about, but users of arm64+compression+bfd-2.27 should not have to pay a penalty for no runtime improvement. Reported-by: Gopinath Elanchezhian <gelanchezhian@google.com> Reported-by: Sindhuri Pentyala <spentyala@google.com> Reported-by: Wei Wang <wvw@google.com> Suggested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Suggested-by: Rahul Chaudhry <rahulchaudhry@google.com> Suggested-by: Siqi Lin <siqilin@google.com> Suggested-by: Stephen Hines <srhines@google.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> [will: added comment to Makefile] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-10-27 16:33:41 +00:00
ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE), y)
# Pass --no-apply-dynamic-relocs to restore pre-binutils-2.27 behaviour
# for relative relocs, since this leads to better Image compression
# with the relocation offsets always being zero.
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -pie -shared -Bsymbolic \
$(call ld-option, --no-apply-dynamic-relocs)
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_843419),y)
ifeq ($(call ld-option, --fix-cortex-a53-843419),)
$(warning ld does not support --fix-cortex-a53-843419; kernel may be susceptible to erratum)
else
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += --fix-cortex-a53-843419
endif
endif
KBUILD_DEFCONFIG := defconfig
# Check for binutils support for specific extensions
lseinstr := $(call as-instr,.arch_extension lse,-DCONFIG_AS_LSE=1)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_LSE_ATOMICS), y)
ifeq ($(lseinstr),)
$(warning LSE atomics not supported by binutils)
endif
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64), y)
brokengasinst := $(call as-instr,1:\n.inst 0\n.rept . - 1b\n\nnop\n.endr\n,,-DCONFIG_BROKEN_GAS_INST=1)
ifneq ($(brokengasinst),)
$(warning Detected assembler with broken .inst; disassembly will be unreliable)
endif
endif
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -mgeneral-regs-only $(lseinstr) $(brokengasinst)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(lseinstr) $(brokengasinst)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-mabi=lp64)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-mabi=lp64)
ifeq ($(cc-name),clang)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128
else
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-ifversion, -ge, 0500, -DCONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128)
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN), y)
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -mbig-endian
CHECKFLAGS += -D__AARCH64EB__
AS += -EB
LD += -EB
LDFLAGS += -maarch64linuxb
UTS_MACHINE := aarch64_be
else
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -mlittle-endian
CHECKFLAGS += -D__AARCH64EL__
AS += -EL
LD += -EL
LDFLAGS += -maarch64linux
UTS_MACHINE := aarch64
endif
CHECKFLAGS += -D__aarch64__ -m64
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS),y)
KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE += -T $(srctree)/arch/arm64/kernel/module.lds
endif
# Default value
head-y := arch/arm64/kernel/head.o
# The byte offset of the kernel image in RAM from the start of RAM.
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET), y)
arm64: fix alignment when RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET is enabled With ARM64_64K_PAGES and RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET enabled, we hit the following issue on the boot: kernel BUG at arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c:480! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.6.0 #310 Hardware name: ARM Juno development board (r2) (DT) task: ffff000008d58a80 ti: ffff000008d30000 task.ti: ffff000008d30000 PC is at map_kernel_segment+0x44/0xb0 LR is at paging_init+0x84/0x5b0 pc : [<ffff000008c450b4>] lr : [<ffff000008c451a4>] pstate: 600002c5 Call trace: [<ffff000008c450b4>] map_kernel_segment+0x44/0xb0 [<ffff000008c451a4>] paging_init+0x84/0x5b0 [<ffff000008c42728>] setup_arch+0x198/0x534 [<ffff000008c40848>] start_kernel+0x70/0x388 [<ffff000008c401bc>] __primary_switched+0x30/0x74 Commit 7eb90f2ff7e3 ("arm64: cover the .head.text section in the .text segment mapping") removed the alignment between the .head.text and .text sections, and used the _text rather than the _stext interval for mapping the .text segment. Prior to this commit _stext was always section aligned and didn't cause any issue even when RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET was enabled. Since that alignment has been removed and _text is used to map the .text segment, we need ensure _text is always page aligned when RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET is enabled. This patch adds logic to TEXT_OFFSET fuzzing to ensure that the offset is always aligned to the kernel page size. To ensure this, we rely on the PAGE_SHIFT being available via Kconfig. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Reported-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Fixes: 7eb90f2ff7e3 ("arm64: cover the .head.text section in the .text segment mapping") Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-05-31 14:58:00 +00:00
TEXT_OFFSET := $(shell awk "BEGIN {srand(); printf \"0x%06x\n\", \
int(2 * 1024 * 1024 / (2 ^ $(CONFIG_ARM64_PAGE_SHIFT)) * \
rand()) * (2 ^ $(CONFIG_ARM64_PAGE_SHIFT))}")
else
TEXT_OFFSET := 0x00080000
endif
# KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = VA_START + (1 << (VA_BITS - KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT))
# - (1 << (64 - KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT))
2015-10-12 15:52:58 +00:00
# in 32-bit arithmetic
KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT := 3
2015-10-12 15:52:58 +00:00
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET := $(shell printf "0x%08x00000000\n" $$(( \
(0xffffffff & (-1 << ($(CONFIG_ARM64_VA_BITS) - 32))) \
+ (1 << ($(CONFIG_ARM64_VA_BITS) - 32 - $(KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT))) \
- (1 << (64 - 32 - $(KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT))) )) )
2015-10-12 15:52:58 +00:00
export TEXT_OFFSET GZFLAGS
core-y += arch/arm64/kernel/ arch/arm64/mm/
core-$(CONFIG_NET) += arch/arm64/net/
core-$(CONFIG_KVM) += arch/arm64/kvm/
core-$(CONFIG_XEN) += arch/arm64/xen/
core-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO) += arch/arm64/crypto/
libs-y := arch/arm64/lib/ $(libs-y)
core-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += $(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a
# Default target when executing plain make
boot := arch/arm64/boot
KBUILD_IMAGE := $(boot)/Image.gz
KBUILD_DTBS := dtbs
all: Image.gz $(KBUILD_DTBS)
Image: vmlinux
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
Image.%: Image
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
zinstall install:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $@
%.dtb: scripts
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot)/dts $(boot)/dts/$@
PHONY += dtbs dtbs_install
dtbs: prepare scripts
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot)/dts
dtbs_install:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(dtbinst)=$(boot)/dts
PHONY += vdso_install
vdso_install:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/arm64/kernel/vdso $@
# We use MRPROPER_FILES and CLEAN_FILES now
archclean:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(boot)
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(boot)/dts
arm64: fix vdso-offsets.h dependency arm64/kernel/{vdso,signal}.c include vdso-offsets.h, as well as any file that includes asm/vdso.h. Therefore, vdso-offsets.h must be generated before these files are compiled. The current rules in arm64/kernel/Makefile do not actually enforce this, because even though $(obj)/vdso is listed as a prerequisite for vdso-offsets.h, this does not result in the intended effect of building the vdso subdirectory (before all the other objects). As a consequence, depending on the order in which the rules are followed, vdso-offsets.h is updated or not before arm64/kernel/{vdso,signal}.o are built. The current rules also impose an unnecessary dependency on vdso-offsets.h for all arm64/kernel/*.o, resulting in unnecessary rebuilds. This is made obvious when using make -j: touch arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/gettimeofday.S && make -j$NCPUS arch/arm64/kernel will sometimes result in none of arm64/kernel/*.o being rebuilt, sometimes all of them, or even just some of them. It is quite difficult to ensure that a header is generated before it is used with recursive Makefiles by using normal rules. Instead, arch-specific generated headers are normally built in the archprepare recipe in the arch Makefile (see for instance arch/ia64/Makefile). Unfortunately, asm-offsets.h is included in gettimeofday.S, and must therefore be generated before vdso-offsets.h, which is not the case if archprepare is used. For this reason, a rule run after archprepare has to be used. This commit adds rules in arm64/Makefile to build vdso-offsets.h during the prepare step, ensuring that vdso-offsets.h is generated before building anything. It also removes the now-unnecessary dependencies on vdso-offsets.h in arm64/kernel/Makefile. Finally, it removes the duplication of asm-offsets.h between arm64/kernel/vdso/ and include/generated/ and makes include/generated/vdso-offsets.h a target in arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile. Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2016-05-12 16:39:15 +00:00
# We need to generate vdso-offsets.h before compiling certain files in kernel/.
# In order to do that, we should use the archprepare target, but we can't since
# asm-offsets.h is included in some files used to generate vdso-offsets.h, and
# asm-offsets.h is built in prepare0, for which archprepare is a dependency.
# Therefore we need to generate the header after prepare0 has been made, hence
# this hack.
prepare: vdso_prepare
vdso_prepare: prepare0
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/arm64/kernel/vdso include/generated/vdso-offsets.h
define archhelp
echo '* Image.gz - Compressed kernel image (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/Image.gz)'
echo ' Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/Image)'
echo '* dtbs - Build device tree blobs for enabled boards'
echo ' dtbs_install - Install dtbs to $(INSTALL_DTBS_PATH)'
echo ' install - Install uncompressed kernel'
echo ' zinstall - Install compressed kernel'
echo ' Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or'
echo ' (distribution) /sbin/installkernel or'
echo ' install to $$(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo'
endef