License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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PM: Introduce devfreq: generic DVFS framework with device-specific OPPs
With OPPs, a device may have multiple operable frequency and voltage
sets. However, there can be multiple possible operable sets and a system
will need to choose one from them. In order to reduce the power
consumption (by reducing frequency and voltage) without affecting the
performance too much, a Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS)
scheme may be used.
This patch introduces the DVFS capability to non-CPU devices with OPPs.
DVFS is a techique whereby the frequency and supplied voltage of a
device is adjusted on-the-fly. DVFS usually sets the frequency as low
as possible with given conditions (such as QoS assurance) and adjusts
voltage according to the chosen frequency in order to reduce power
consumption and heat dissipation.
The generic DVFS for devices, devfreq, may appear quite similar with
/drivers/cpufreq. However, cpufreq does not allow to have multiple
devices registered and is not suitable to have multiple heterogenous
devices with different (but simple) governors.
Normally, DVFS mechanism controls frequency based on the demand for
the device, and then, chooses voltage based on the chosen frequency.
devfreq also controls the frequency based on the governor's frequency
recommendation and let OPP pick up the pair of frequency and voltage
based on the recommended frequency. Then, the chosen OPP is passed to
device driver's "target" callback.
When PM QoS is going to be used with the devfreq device, the device
driver should enable OPPs that are appropriate with the current PM QoS
requests. In order to do so, the device driver may call opp_enable and
opp_disable at the notifier callback of PM QoS so that PM QoS's
update_target() call enables the appropriate OPPs. Note that at least
one of OPPs should be enabled at any time; be careful when there is a
transition.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Turquette <mturquette@ti.com>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
2011-10-01 22:19:15 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_PM_DEVFREQ) += devfreq.o
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2015-01-30 04:54:08 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_PM_DEVFREQ_EVENT) += devfreq-event.o
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2011-10-01 22:19:34 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_DEVFREQ_GOV_SIMPLE_ONDEMAND) += governor_simpleondemand.o
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obj-$(CONFIG_DEVFREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE) += governor_performance.o
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obj-$(CONFIG_DEVFREQ_GOV_POWERSAVE) += governor_powersave.o
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obj-$(CONFIG_DEVFREQ_GOV_USERSPACE) += governor_userspace.o
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2016-03-22 04:44:03 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_DEVFREQ_GOV_PASSIVE) += governor_passive.o
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2011-07-14 01:33:55 +00:00
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# DEVFREQ Drivers
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2015-11-03 10:04:16 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_EXYNOS_BUS_DEVFREQ) += exynos-bus.o
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2020-04-06 12:03:07 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_IMX_BUS_DEVFREQ) += imx-bus.o
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2019-11-22 21:45:03 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_IMX8M_DDRC_DEVFREQ) += imx8m-ddrc.o
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2016-09-05 05:06:10 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_RK3399_DMC_DEVFREQ) += rk3399_dmc.o
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2021-11-18 03:18:41 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_SUN8I_A33_MBUS_DEVFREQ) += sun8i-a33-mbus.o
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2019-05-01 23:38:14 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_TEGRA_DEVFREQ) += tegra30-devfreq.o
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PM / devfreq: event: Add devfreq_event class
This patch adds a new class in devfreq, devfreq_event, which provides
raw data (e.g., memory bus utilization, GPU utilization) for devfreq
governors.
- devfreq_event device : Provides raw data for a governor of a devfreq device
- devfreq device : Monitors device state and changes frequency/voltage
of the device using the raw data from its
devfreq_event device.
A devfreq device dertermines performance states (normally the frequency
and the voltage vlues) based on the results its designtated devfreq governor:
e.g., ondemand, performance, powersave.
In order to give such results required by a devfreq device, the devfreq
governor requires data that indicates the performance requirement given
to the devfreq device. The conventional (previous) implementatino of
devfreq subsystem requires a devfreq device driver to implement its own
mechanism to acquire performance requirement for its governor. However,
there had been issues with such requirements:
1. Although performance requirement of such devices is usually acquired
from common devices (PMU/PPMU), we do not have any abstract structure to
represent them properly.
2. Such performance requirement devices (PMU/PPMU) are actual hardware
pieces that may be represented by Device Tree directly while devfreq device
itself is a virtual entity that are not considered to be represented by
Device Tree according to Device Tree folks.
In order to address such issues, a devferq_event device (represented by
this patch) provides a template for device drivers representing
performance monitoring unit, which gives the basic or raw data for
preformance requirement, which in turn, is required by devfreq governors.
The following description explains the feature of two kind of devfreq class:
- devfreq class (existing)
: devfreq consumer device use raw data from devfreq_event device for
determining proper current system state and change voltage/frequency
dynamically using various governors.
- devfreq_event class (new)
: Provide measured raw data to devfreq device for governor
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
[Commit message rewritten & conflict resolved by MyungJoo]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
2015-01-26 04:16:27 +00:00
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# DEVFREQ Event Drivers
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obj-$(CONFIG_PM_DEVFREQ_EVENT) += event/
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