License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_H
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#define _ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_H
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2016-01-16 00:56:43 +00:00
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#include <linux/pfn.h>
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2006-09-26 06:32:29 +00:00
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#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
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2007-08-10 20:01:20 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
|
2006-09-26 06:32:29 +00:00
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|
2011-02-27 05:41:35 +00:00
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#include <linux/mm_types.h>
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2011-11-24 01:12:59 +00:00
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#include <linux/bug.h>
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
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#include <linux/errno.h>
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2011-02-27 05:41:35 +00:00
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|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
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#if 5 - defined(__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED) - defined(__PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED) - \
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defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED) != CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS
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#error CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS is not consistent with __PAGETABLE_{P4D,PUD,PMD}_FOLDED
|
2015-04-14 22:46:17 +00:00
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|
#endif
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|
2013-04-29 22:07:44 +00:00
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/*
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* On almost all architectures and configurations, 0 can be used as the
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* upper ceiling to free_pgtables(): on many architectures it has the same
|
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* effect as using TASK_SIZE. However, there is one configuration which
|
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|
* must impose a more careful limit, to avoid freeing kernel pgtables.
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|
*/
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|
#ifndef USER_PGTABLES_CEILING
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#define USER_PGTABLES_CEILING 0UL
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#endif
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|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_SET_ACCESS_FLAGS
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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|
extern int ptep_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep,
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pte_t entry, int dirty);
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|
#endif
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|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_SET_ACCESS_FLAGS
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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extern int pmdp_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp,
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|
|
pmd_t entry, int dirty);
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
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|
extern int pudp_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp,
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pud_t entry, int dirty);
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
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#else
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static inline int pmdp_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp,
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pmd_t entry, int dirty)
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|
{
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|
BUILD_BUG();
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|
|
return 0;
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|
|
}
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
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static inline int pudp_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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|
unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp,
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pud_t entry, int dirty)
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|
{
|
|
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|
BUILD_BUG();
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|
return 0;
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}
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
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#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#endif
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_TEST_AND_CLEAR_YOUNG
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2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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static inline int ptep_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address,
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pte_t *ptep)
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{
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pte_t pte = *ptep;
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int r = 1;
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if (!pte_young(pte))
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r = 0;
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else
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set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, address, ptep, pte_mkold(pte));
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return r;
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}
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#endif
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_TEST_AND_CLEAR_YOUNG
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
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static inline int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address,
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pmd_t *pmdp)
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{
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pmd_t pmd = *pmdp;
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int r = 1;
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if (!pmd_young(pmd))
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r = 0;
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else
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set_pmd_at(vma->vm_mm, address, pmdp, pmd_mkold(pmd));
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return r;
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}
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2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
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#else
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2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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static inline int pmdp_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address,
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pmd_t *pmdp)
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{
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
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|
BUILD_BUG();
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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return 0;
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}
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#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#endif
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_CLEAR_YOUNG_FLUSH
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2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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int ptep_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep);
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#endif
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_CLEAR_YOUNG_FLUSH
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2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
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extern int pmdp_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp);
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#else
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/*
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|
* Despite relevant to THP only, this API is called from generic rmap code
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* under PageTransHuge(), hence needs a dummy implementation for !THP
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|
*/
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static inline int pmdp_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
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unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp)
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|
{
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BUILD_BUG();
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|
return 0;
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|
}
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|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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|
|
#endif
|
|
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|
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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|
static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long address,
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pte_t *ptep)
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{
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|
pte_t pte = *ptep;
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pte_clear(mm, address, ptep);
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return pte;
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}
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
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#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR
|
2015-06-24 23:57:44 +00:00
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static inline pmd_t pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long address,
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pmd_t *pmdp)
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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{
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|
pmd_t pmd = *pmdp;
|
2012-10-08 23:32:59 +00:00
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pmd_clear(pmdp);
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
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|
return pmd;
|
2011-06-15 22:08:34 +00:00
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}
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
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#endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR */
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|
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|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PUDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR
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static inline pud_t pudp_huge_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
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unsigned long address,
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pud_t *pudp)
|
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|
{
|
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|
|
pud_t pud = *pudp;
|
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|
pud_clear(pudp);
|
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|
return pud;
|
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|
}
|
|
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|
#endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_PUDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR */
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-10-24 08:52:29 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR_FULL
|
2015-06-24 23:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
2014-10-24 08:52:29 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp,
|
|
|
|
|
int full)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
2015-06-24 23:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
return pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, address, pmdp);
|
2014-10-24 08:52:29 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PUDP_HUGE_GET_AND_CLEAR_FULL
|
|
|
|
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static inline pud_t pudp_huge_get_and_clear_full(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp,
|
|
|
|
|
int full)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pudp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, address, pudp);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
|
|
|
|
|
[PATCH] x86: ptep_clear optimization
Add a new accessor for PTEs, which passes the full hint from the mmu_gather
struct; this allows architectures with hardware pagetables to optimize away
atomic PTE operations when destroying an address space. Removing the
locked operation should allow better pipelining of memory access in this
loop. I measured an average savings of 30-35 cycles per zap_pte_range on
the first 500 destructions on Pentium-M, but I believe the optimization
would win more on older processors which still assert the bus lock on xchg
for an exclusive cacheline.
Update: I made some new measurements, and this saves exactly 26 cycles over
ptep_get_and_clear on Pentium M. On P4, with a PAE kernel, this saves 180
cycles per ptep_get_and_clear, for a whopping 92160 cycles savings for a
full address space destruction.
pte_clear_full is not yet used, but is provided for future optimizations
(in particular, when running inside of a hypervisor that queues page table
updates, the full hint allows us to avoid queueing unnecessary page table
update for an address space in the process of being destroyed.
This is not a huge win, but it does help a bit, and sets the stage for
further hypervisor optimization of the mm layer on all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-03 22:55:04 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR_FULL
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear_full(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep,
|
|
|
|
|
int full)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t pte;
|
|
|
|
|
pte = ptep_get_and_clear(mm, address, ptep);
|
|
|
|
|
return pte;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
[PATCH] x86: ptep_clear optimization
Add a new accessor for PTEs, which passes the full hint from the mmu_gather
struct; this allows architectures with hardware pagetables to optimize away
atomic PTE operations when destroying an address space. Removing the
locked operation should allow better pipelining of memory access in this
loop. I measured an average savings of 30-35 cycles per zap_pte_range on
the first 500 destructions on Pentium-M, but I believe the optimization
would win more on older processors which still assert the bus lock on xchg
for an exclusive cacheline.
Update: I made some new measurements, and this saves exactly 26 cycles over
ptep_get_and_clear on Pentium M. On P4, with a PAE kernel, this saves 180
cycles per ptep_get_and_clear, for a whopping 92160 cycles savings for a
full address space destruction.
pte_clear_full is not yet used, but is provided for future optimizations
(in particular, when running inside of a hypervisor that queues page table
updates, the full hint allows us to avoid queueing unnecessary page table
update for an address space in the process of being destroyed.
This is not a huge win, but it does help a bit, and sets the stage for
further hypervisor optimization of the mm layer on all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-03 22:55:04 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-10-01 06:29:31 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Some architectures may be able to avoid expensive synchronization
|
|
|
|
|
* primitives when modifications are made to PTE's which are already
|
|
|
|
|
* not present, or in the process of an address space destruction.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_CLEAR_NOT_PRESENT_FULL
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void pte_clear_not_present_full(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep,
|
|
|
|
|
int full)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pte_clear(mm, address, ptep);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
[PATCH] x86: ptep_clear optimization
Add a new accessor for PTEs, which passes the full hint from the mmu_gather
struct; this allows architectures with hardware pagetables to optimize away
atomic PTE operations when destroying an address space. Removing the
locked operation should allow better pipelining of memory access in this
loop. I measured an average savings of 30-35 cycles per zap_pte_range on
the first 500 destructions on Pentium-M, but I believe the optimization
would win more on older processors which still assert the bus lock on xchg
for an exclusive cacheline.
Update: I made some new measurements, and this saves exactly 26 cycles over
ptep_get_and_clear on Pentium M. On P4, with a PAE kernel, this saves 180
cycles per ptep_get_and_clear, for a whopping 92160 cycles savings for a
full address space destruction.
pte_clear_full is not yet used, but is provided for future optimizations
(in particular, when running inside of a hypervisor that queues page table
updates, the full hint allows us to avoid queueing unnecessary page table
update for an address space in the process of being destroyed.
This is not a huge win, but it does help a bit, and sets the stage for
further hypervisor optimization of the mm layer on all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-03 22:55:04 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_CLEAR_FLUSH
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
extern pte_t ptep_clear_flush(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep);
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-06-24 23:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_HUGE_CLEAR_FLUSH
|
|
|
|
|
extern pmd_t pmdp_huge_clear_flush(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long address,
|
|
|
|
|
pmd_t *pmdp);
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
extern pud_t pudp_huge_clear_flush(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address,
|
|
|
|
|
pud_t *pudp);
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_SET_WRPROTECT
|
2005-11-07 08:59:43 +00:00
|
|
|
struct mm_struct;
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void ptep_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t old_pte = *ptep;
|
|
|
|
|
set_pte_at(mm, address, ptep, pte_wrprotect(old_pte));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:59:16 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pte_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pte_savedwrite pte_write
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pte_mk_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pte_mk_savedwrite pte_mkwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:59:19 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pte_clear_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pte_clear_savedwrite pte_wrprotect
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:59:16 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmd_savedwrite pmd_write
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_mk_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmd_mk_savedwrite pmd_mkwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:59:19 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_clear_savedwrite
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmd_clear_savedwrite pmd_wrprotect
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_SET_WRPROTECT
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void pmdp_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pmd_t old_pmd = *pmdp;
|
|
|
|
|
set_pmd_at(mm, address, pmdp, pmd_wrprotect(old_pmd));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void pmdp_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
2015-07-09 11:52:44 +00:00
|
|
|
BUILD_BUG();
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PUDP_SET_WRPROTECT
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void pudp_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pud_t old_pud = *pudp;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
set_pud_at(mm, address, pudp, pud_wrprotect(old_pud));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void pudp_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
BUILD_BUG();
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2015-06-24 23:57:39 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pmdp_collapse_flush
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
2015-06-24 23:57:42 +00:00
|
|
|
extern pmd_t pmdp_collapse_flush(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp);
|
2015-06-24 23:57:39 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmdp_collapse_flush(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address,
|
|
|
|
|
pmd_t *pmdp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
BUILD_BUG();
|
|
|
|
|
return *pmdp;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmdp_collapse_flush pmdp_collapse_flush
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-08 23:30:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PGTABLE_DEPOSIT
|
2013-06-06 00:14:02 +00:00
|
|
|
extern void pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmdp,
|
|
|
|
|
pgtable_t pgtable);
|
2012-10-08 23:30:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PGTABLE_WITHDRAW
|
2013-06-06 00:14:02 +00:00
|
|
|
extern pgtable_t pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmdp);
|
2012-10-08 23:30:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-02-01 00:17:43 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* This is an implementation of pmdp_establish() that is only suitable for an
|
|
|
|
|
* architecture that doesn't have hardware dirty/accessed bits. In this case we
|
|
|
|
|
* can't race with CPU which sets these bits and non-atomic aproach is fine.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t generic_pmdp_establish(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pmd_t old_pmd = *pmdp;
|
|
|
|
|
set_pmd_at(vma->vm_mm, address, pmdp, pmd);
|
|
|
|
|
return old_pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-08 23:30:09 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE
|
2018-02-01 00:18:16 +00:00
|
|
|
extern pmd_t pmdp_invalidate(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
|
2012-10-08 23:30:09 +00:00
|
|
|
pmd_t *pmdp);
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SAME
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pte_same(pte_t pte_a, pte_t pte_b)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pte_val(pte_a) == pte_val(pte_b);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-04-17 11:59:32 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_UNUSED
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Some architectures provide facilities to virtualization guests
|
|
|
|
|
* so that they can flag allocated pages as unused. This allows the
|
|
|
|
|
* host to transparently reclaim unused pages. This function returns
|
|
|
|
|
* whether the pte's page is unused.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pte_unused(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-03-16 15:26:50 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pte_access_permitted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pte_access_permitted(pte, write) \
|
|
|
|
|
(pte_present(pte) && (!(write) || pte_write(pte)))
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_access_permitted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmd_access_permitted(pmd, write) \
|
|
|
|
|
(pmd_present(pmd) && (!(write) || pmd_write(pmd)))
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pud_access_permitted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pud_access_permitted(pud, write) \
|
|
|
|
|
(pud_present(pud) && (!(write) || pud_write(pud)))
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef p4d_access_permitted
|
|
|
|
|
#define p4d_access_permitted(p4d, write) \
|
|
|
|
|
(p4d_present(p4d) && (!(write) || p4d_write(p4d)))
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pgd_access_permitted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgd_access_permitted(pgd, write) \
|
|
|
|
|
(pgd_present(pgd) && (!(write) || pgd_write(pgd)))
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMD_SAME
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_same(pmd_t pmd_a, pmd_t pmd_b)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd_val(pmd_a) == pmd_val(pmd_b);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_same(pud_t pud_a, pud_t pud_b)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pud_val(pud_a) == pud_val(pud_b);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-12-04 21:37:11 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_P4D_SAME
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_same(p4d_t p4d_a, p4d_t p4d_b)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return p4d_val(p4d_a) == p4d_val(p4d_b);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PGD_SAME
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pgd_same(pgd_t pgd_a, pgd_t pgd_b)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pgd_val(pgd_a) == pgd_val(pgd_b);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-12-04 21:37:16 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Use set_p*_safe(), and elide TLB flushing, when confident that *no*
|
|
|
|
|
* TLB flush will be required as a result of the "set". For example, use
|
|
|
|
|
* in scenarios where it is known ahead of time that the routine is
|
|
|
|
|
* setting non-present entries, or re-setting an existing entry to the
|
|
|
|
|
* same value. Otherwise, use the typical "set" helpers and flush the
|
|
|
|
|
* TLB.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#define set_pte_safe(ptep, pte) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ \
|
|
|
|
|
WARN_ON_ONCE(pte_present(*ptep) && !pte_same(*ptep, pte)); \
|
|
|
|
|
set_pte(ptep, pte); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define set_pmd_safe(pmdp, pmd) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ \
|
|
|
|
|
WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_present(*pmdp) && !pmd_same(*pmdp, pmd)); \
|
|
|
|
|
set_pmd(pmdp, pmd); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define set_pud_safe(pudp, pud) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ \
|
|
|
|
|
WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_present(*pudp) && !pud_same(*pudp, pud)); \
|
|
|
|
|
set_pud(pudp, pud); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define set_p4d_safe(p4dp, p4d) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ \
|
|
|
|
|
WARN_ON_ONCE(p4d_present(*p4dp) && !p4d_same(*p4dp, p4d)); \
|
|
|
|
|
set_p4d(p4dp, p4d); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define set_pgd_safe(pgdp, pgd) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ \
|
|
|
|
|
WARN_ON_ONCE(pgd_present(*pgdp) && !pgd_same(*pgdp, pgd)); \
|
|
|
|
|
set_pgd(pgdp, pgd); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-02-21 17:15:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_DO_SWAP_PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Some architectures support metadata associated with a page. When a
|
|
|
|
|
* page is being swapped out, this metadata must be saved so it can be
|
|
|
|
|
* restored when the page is swapped back in. SPARC M7 and newer
|
|
|
|
|
* processors support an ADI (Application Data Integrity) tag for the
|
|
|
|
|
* page as metadata for the page. arch_do_swap_page() can restore this
|
|
|
|
|
* metadata when a page is swapped back in.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void arch_do_swap_page(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t pte, pte_t oldpte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_UNMAP_ONE
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Some architectures support metadata associated with a page. When a
|
|
|
|
|
* page is being swapped out, this metadata must be saved so it can be
|
|
|
|
|
* restored when the page is swapped back in. SPARC M7 and newer
|
|
|
|
|
* processors support an ADI (Application Data Integrity) tag for the
|
|
|
|
|
* page as metadata for the page. arch_unmap_one() can save this
|
|
|
|
|
* metadata on a swap-out of a page.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int arch_unmap_one(struct mm_struct *mm,
|
|
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t orig_pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PGD_OFFSET_GATE
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgd_offset_gate(mm, addr) pgd_offset(mm, addr)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-06-02 00:47:25 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MOVE_PTE
|
2005-09-28 04:45:18 +00:00
|
|
|
#define move_pte(pte, prot, old_addr, new_addr) (pte)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-09 13:31:12 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pte_accessible
|
mm: fix TLB flush race between migration, and change_protection_range
There are a few subtle races, between change_protection_range (used by
mprotect and change_prot_numa) on one side, and NUMA page migration and
compaction on the other side.
The basic race is that there is a time window between when the PTE gets
made non-present (PROT_NONE or NUMA), and the TLB is flushed.
During that time, a CPU may continue writing to the page.
This is fine most of the time, however compaction or the NUMA migration
code may come in, and migrate the page away.
When that happens, the CPU may continue writing, through the cached
translation, to what is no longer the current memory location of the
process.
This only affects x86, which has a somewhat optimistic pte_accessible.
All other architectures appear to be safe, and will either always flush,
or flush whenever there is a valid mapping, even with no permissions
(SPARC).
The basic race looks like this:
CPU A CPU B CPU C
load TLB entry
make entry PTE/PMD_NUMA
fault on entry
read/write old page
start migrating page
change PTE/PMD to new page
read/write old page [*]
flush TLB
reload TLB from new entry
read/write new page
lose data
[*] the old page may belong to a new user at this point!
The obvious fix is to flush remote TLB entries, by making sure that
pte_accessible aware of the fact that PROT_NONE and PROT_NUMA memory may
still be accessible if there is a TLB flush pending for the mm.
This should fix both NUMA migration and compaction.
[mgorman@suse.de: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-12-19 01:08:44 +00:00
|
|
|
# define pte_accessible(mm, pte) ((void)(pte), 1)
|
2012-10-09 13:31:12 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
x86, mm: Avoid unnecessary TLB flush
In x86, access and dirty bits are set automatically by CPU when CPU accesses
memory. When we go into the code path of below flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault(),
we already set dirty bit for pte and don't need flush tlb. This might mean
tlb entry in some CPUs hasn't dirty bit set, but this doesn't matter. When
the CPUs do page write, they will automatically check the bit and no software
involved.
On the other hand, flush tlb in below position is harmful. Test creates CPU
number of threads, each thread writes to a same but random address in same vma
range and we measure the total time. Under a 4 socket system, original time is
1.96s, while with the patch, the time is 0.8s. Under a 2 socket system, there is
20% time cut too. perf shows a lot of time are taking to send ipi/handle ipi for
tlb flush.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100816011655.GA362@sli10-desk.sh.intel.com>
Acked-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Archangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-08-16 01:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault
|
|
|
|
|
#define flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault(vma, address) flush_tlb_page(vma, address)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-06-23 11:51:19 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_noncached
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_noncached(prot) (prot)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-12-18 19:41:32 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_writecombine
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_writecombine pgprot_noncached
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-06-04 16:55:18 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_writethrough
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_writethrough pgprot_noncached
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-09-29 14:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_device
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_device pgprot_noncached
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
mm: softdirty: enable write notifications on VMAs after VM_SOFTDIRTY cleared
For VMAs that don't want write notifications, PTEs created for read faults
have their write bit set. If the read fault happens after VM_SOFTDIRTY is
cleared, then the PTE's softdirty bit will remain clear after subsequent
writes.
Here's a simple code snippet to demonstrate the bug:
char* m = mmap(NULL, getpagesize(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED, -1, 0);
system("echo 4 > /proc/$PPID/clear_refs"); /* clear VM_SOFTDIRTY */
assert(*m == '\0'); /* new PTE allows write access */
assert(!soft_dirty(x));
*m = 'x'; /* should dirty the page */
assert(soft_dirty(x)); /* fails */
With this patch, write notifications are enabled when VM_SOFTDIRTY is
cleared. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary faults, write notifications
are disabled when VM_SOFTDIRTY is set.
As a side effect of enabling and disabling write notifications with
care, this patch fixes a bug in mprotect where vm_page_prot bits set by
drivers were zapped on mprotect. An analogous bug was fixed in mmap by
commit c9d0bf241451 ("mm: uncached vma support with writenotify").
Signed-off-by: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Reported-by: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Jamie Liu <jamieliu@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-13 22:55:46 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_modify
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_modify pgprot_modify
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pgprot_t pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, pgprot_t newprot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgprot_val(oldprot) == pgprot_val(pgprot_noncached(oldprot)))
|
|
|
|
|
newprot = pgprot_noncached(newprot);
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgprot_val(oldprot) == pgprot_val(pgprot_writecombine(oldprot)))
|
|
|
|
|
newprot = pgprot_writecombine(newprot);
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgprot_val(oldprot) == pgprot_val(pgprot_device(oldprot)))
|
|
|
|
|
newprot = pgprot_device(newprot);
|
|
|
|
|
return newprot;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2005-04-19 20:29:17 +00:00
|
|
|
* When walking page tables, get the address of the next boundary,
|
|
|
|
|
* or the end address of the range if that comes earlier. Although no
|
|
|
|
|
* vma end wraps to 0, rounded up __boundary may wrap to 0 throughout.
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgd_addr_end(addr, end) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK; \
|
|
|
|
|
(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef p4d_addr_end
|
|
|
|
|
#define p4d_addr_end(addr, end) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + P4D_SIZE) & P4D_MASK; \
|
|
|
|
|
(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pud_addr_end
|
|
|
|
|
#define pud_addr_end(addr, end) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + PUD_SIZE) & PUD_MASK; \
|
|
|
|
|
(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_addr_end
|
|
|
|
|
#define pmd_addr_end(addr, end) \
|
|
|
|
|
({ unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK; \
|
|
|
|
|
(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end); \
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* When walking page tables, we usually want to skip any p?d_none entries;
|
|
|
|
|
* and any p?d_bad entries - reporting the error before resetting to none.
|
|
|
|
|
* Do the tests inline, but report and clear the bad entry in mm/memory.c.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
void pgd_clear_bad(pgd_t *);
|
2019-12-01 01:51:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
void p4d_clear_bad(p4d_t *);
|
2019-12-01 01:51:20 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define p4d_clear_bad(p4d) do { } while (0)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
void pud_clear_bad(pud_t *);
|
2019-12-01 01:51:20 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define pud_clear_bad(p4d) do { } while (0)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd_t *pgd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (pgd_none(*pgd))
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd))) {
|
|
|
|
|
pgd_clear_bad(pgd);
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d_t *p4d)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (p4d_none(*p4d))
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(p4d_bad(*p4d))) {
|
|
|
|
|
p4d_clear_bad(p4d);
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud_t *pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (pud_none(*pud))
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(pud_bad(*pud))) {
|
|
|
|
|
pud_clear_bad(pud);
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (pmd_none(*pmd))
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) {
|
|
|
|
|
pmd_clear_bad(pmd);
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2007-08-10 20:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pte_t __ptep_modify_prot_start(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Get the current pte state, but zero it out to make it
|
|
|
|
|
* non-present, preventing the hardware from asynchronously
|
|
|
|
|
* updating it.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
return ptep_get_and_clear(vma->vm_mm, addr, ptep);
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void __ptep_modify_prot_commit(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* The pte is non-present, so there's no hardware state to
|
|
|
|
|
* preserve.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, ptep, pte);
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_MODIFY_PROT_TRANSACTION
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Start a pte protection read-modify-write transaction, which
|
|
|
|
|
* protects against asynchronous hardware modifications to the pte.
|
|
|
|
|
* The intention is not to prevent the hardware from making pte
|
|
|
|
|
* updates, but to prevent any updates it may make from being lost.
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* This does not protect against other software modifications of the
|
|
|
|
|
* pte; the appropriate pte lock must be held over the transation.
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* Note that this interface is intended to be batchable, meaning that
|
|
|
|
|
* ptep_modify_prot_commit may not actually update the pte, but merely
|
|
|
|
|
* queue the update to be done at some later time. The update must be
|
|
|
|
|
* actually committed before the pte lock is released, however.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pte_t ptep_modify_prot_start(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
return __ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, addr, ptep);
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Commit an update to a pte, leaving any hardware-controlled bits in
|
|
|
|
|
* the PTE unmodified.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void ptep_modify_prot_commit(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long addr,
|
2019-03-05 23:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
pte_t *ptep, pte_t old_pte, pte_t pte)
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
2019-03-05 23:46:26 +00:00
|
|
|
__ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, ptep, pte);
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_MODIFY_PROT_TRANSACTION */
|
2008-07-15 20:28:46 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
|
mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.
The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory. This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state. When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.
When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor. To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.
However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable. This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:
ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.
ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
preserved.
ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock. They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.
The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.
The only current user of this interface is mprotect
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-16 11:30:00 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2017-07-17 21:10:07 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* No-op macros that just return the current protection value. Defined here
|
|
|
|
|
* because these macros can be used used even if CONFIG_MMU is not defined.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_encrypted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_encrypted(prot) (prot)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef pgprot_decrypted
|
|
|
|
|
#define pgprot_decrypted(prot) (prot)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-08-10 20:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* A facility to provide lazy MMU batching. This allows PTE updates and
|
|
|
|
|
* page invalidations to be delayed until a call to leave lazy MMU mode
|
|
|
|
|
* is issued. Some architectures may benefit from doing this, and it is
|
|
|
|
|
* beneficial for both shadow and direct mode hypervisors, which may batch
|
|
|
|
|
* the PTE updates which happen during this window. Note that using this
|
|
|
|
|
* interface requires that read hazards be removed from the code. A read
|
|
|
|
|
* hazard could result in the direct mode hypervisor case, since the actual
|
|
|
|
|
* write to the page tables may not yet have taken place, so reads though
|
|
|
|
|
* a raw PTE pointer after it has been modified are not guaranteed to be
|
|
|
|
|
* up to date. This mode can only be entered and left under the protection of
|
|
|
|
|
* the page table locks for all page tables which may be modified. In the UP
|
|
|
|
|
* case, this is required so that preemption is disabled, and in the SMP case,
|
|
|
|
|
* it must synchronize the delayed page table writes properly on other CPUs.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_ENTER_LAZY_MMU_MODE
|
|
|
|
|
#define arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode() do {} while (0)
|
|
|
|
|
#define arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode() do {} while (0)
|
|
|
|
|
#define arch_flush_lazy_mmu_mode() do {} while (0)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2009-02-18 07:24:03 +00:00
|
|
|
* A facility to provide batching of the reload of page tables and
|
|
|
|
|
* other process state with the actual context switch code for
|
|
|
|
|
* paravirtualized guests. By convention, only one of the batched
|
|
|
|
|
* update (lazy) modes (CPU, MMU) should be active at any given time,
|
|
|
|
|
* entry should never be nested, and entry and exits should always be
|
|
|
|
|
* paired. This is for sanity of maintaining and reasoning about the
|
|
|
|
|
* kernel code. In this case, the exit (end of the context switch) is
|
|
|
|
|
* in architecture-specific code, and so doesn't need a generic
|
|
|
|
|
* definition.
|
2007-08-10 20:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2009-02-18 07:24:03 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_START_CONTEXT_SWITCH
|
2009-02-18 19:18:57 +00:00
|
|
|
#define arch_start_context_switch(prev) do {} while (0)
|
2007-08-10 20:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-08 23:11:04 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_swp_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_swp_clear_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
#else /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY */
|
mm: soft-dirty bits for user memory changes tracking
The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task
writes to. In order to do this tracking one should
1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs)
2. Wait some time.
3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries)
To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the
soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a
page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the
soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE.
Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after
the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed
fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory,
and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back
writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE.
Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked
with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies
the virtual memory at mremap's new address.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03 22:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pte_soft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pte_t pte_mksoft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pte;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_mksoft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2013-08-13 23:00:49 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2015-04-22 12:20:47 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pte_t pte_clear_soft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pte;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_clear_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-13 23:00:49 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline pte_t pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pte;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pte_swp_soft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pte_t pte_swp_clear_soft_dirty(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pte;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-09-08 23:11:04 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_swp_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_swp_clear_soft_dirty(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
mm: soft-dirty bits for user memory changes tracking
The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task
writes to. In order to do this tracking one should
1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs)
2. Wait some time.
3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries)
To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the
soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a
page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the
soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE.
Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after
the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed
fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory,
and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back
writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE.
Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked
with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies
the virtual memory at mremap's new address.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03 22:01:20 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
* Interfaces that can be used by architecture code to keep track of
|
|
|
|
|
* memory type of pfn mappings specified by the remap_pfn_range,
|
2018-10-26 22:04:26 +00:00
|
|
|
* vmf_insert_pfn.
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* track_pfn_remap is called when a _new_ pfn mapping is being established
|
|
|
|
|
* by remap_pfn_range() for physical range indicated by pfn and size.
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int track_pfn_remap(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot,
|
2012-10-08 23:28:34 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long size)
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
* track_pfn_insert is called when a _new_ single pfn is established
|
2018-10-26 22:04:26 +00:00
|
|
|
* by vmf_insert_pfn().
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2016-10-26 17:43:43 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void track_pfn_insert(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot,
|
|
|
|
|
pfn_t pfn)
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* track_pfn_copy is called when vma that is covering the pfnmap gets
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
* copied through copy_page_range().
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int track_pfn_copy(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2015-12-23 00:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
* untrack_pfn is called while unmapping a pfnmap for a region.
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
* untrack can be called for a specific region indicated by pfn and size or
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
* can be for the entire vma (in which case pfn, size are zero).
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void untrack_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-12-23 00:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* untrack_pfn_moved is called while mremapping a pfnmap for a new region.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void untrack_pfn_moved(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
extern int track_pfn_remap(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot,
|
2012-10-08 23:28:34 +00:00
|
|
|
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long addr,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long size);
|
2016-10-26 17:43:43 +00:00
|
|
|
extern void track_pfn_insert(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot,
|
|
|
|
|
pfn_t pfn);
|
2012-10-08 23:28:29 +00:00
|
|
|
extern int track_pfn_copy(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
|
|
|
|
|
extern void untrack_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long pfn,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long size);
|
2015-12-23 00:54:23 +00:00
|
|
|
extern void untrack_pfn_moved(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
|
2008-12-19 21:47:29 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-12-12 21:52:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef __HAVE_COLOR_ZERO_PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int is_zero_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
extern unsigned long zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long offset_from_zero_pfn = pfn - zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
return offset_from_zero_pfn <= (zero_page_mask >> PAGE_SHIFT);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-12-26 00:19:55 +00:00
|
|
|
#define my_zero_pfn(addr) page_to_pfn(ZERO_PAGE(addr))
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-12-12 21:52:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int is_zero_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
extern unsigned long zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
return pfn == zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline unsigned long my_zero_pfn(unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
extern unsigned long zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
return zero_pfn;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_trans_huge(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-11-30 00:10:10 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_write
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_write(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
BUG();
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-11-30 00:10:10 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* pmd_write */
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-11-30 00:10:06 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pud_write
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_write(pud_t pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
BUG();
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* pud_write */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-12-01 01:51:29 +00:00
|
|
|
#if !defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP) || !defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_devmap(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_devmap(pud_t pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pgd_devmap(pgd_t pgd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#if !defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || \
|
|
|
|
|
(defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && \
|
|
|
|
|
!defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD))
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_trans_huge(pud_t pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-12-01 01:51:32 +00:00
|
|
|
/* See pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad for discussion. */
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_none_or_trans_huge_or_dev_or_clear_bad(pud_t *pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
pud_t pudval = READ_ONCE(*pud);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (pud_none(pudval) || pud_trans_huge(pudval) || pud_devmap(pudval))
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(pud_bad(pudval))) {
|
|
|
|
|
pud_clear_bad(pud);
|
|
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* See pmd_trans_unstable for discussion. */
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pud_trans_unstable(pud_t *pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && \
|
|
|
|
|
defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD)
|
|
|
|
|
return pud_none_or_trans_huge_or_dev_or_clear_bad(pud);
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
mm: pmd_read_atomic: fix 32bit PAE pmd walk vs pmd_populate SMP race condition
When holding the mmap_sem for reading, pmd_offset_map_lock should only
run on a pmd_t that has been read atomically from the pmdp pointer,
otherwise we may read only half of it leading to this crash.
PID: 11679 TASK: f06e8000 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "do_race_2_panic"
#0 [f06a9dd8] crash_kexec at c049b5ec
#1 [f06a9e2c] oops_end at c083d1c2
#2 [f06a9e40] no_context at c0433ded
#3 [f06a9e64] bad_area_nosemaphore at c043401a
#4 [f06a9e6c] __do_page_fault at c0434493
#5 [f06a9eec] do_page_fault at c083eb45
#6 [f06a9f04] error_code (via page_fault) at c083c5d5
EAX: 01fb470c EBX: fff35000 ECX: 00000003 EDX: 00000100 EBP:
00000000
DS: 007b ESI: 9e201000 ES: 007b EDI: 01fb4700 GS: 00e0
CS: 0060 EIP: c083bc14 ERR: ffffffff EFLAGS: 00010246
#7 [f06a9f38] _spin_lock at c083bc14
#8 [f06a9f44] sys_mincore at c0507b7d
#9 [f06a9fb0] system_call at c083becd
start len
EAX: ffffffda EBX: 9e200000 ECX: 00001000 EDX: 6228537f
DS: 007b ESI: 00000000 ES: 007b EDI: 003d0f00
SS: 007b ESP: 62285354 EBP: 62285388 GS: 0033
CS: 0073 EIP: 00291416 ERR: 000000da EFLAGS: 00000286
This should be a longstanding bug affecting x86 32bit PAE without THP.
Only archs with 64bit large pmd_t and 32bit unsigned long should be
affected.
With THP enabled the barrier() in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
would partly hide the bug when the pmd transition from none to stable,
by forcing a re-read of the *pmd in pmd_offset_map_lock, but when THP is
enabled a new set of problem arises by the fact could then transition
freely in any of the none, pmd_trans_huge or pmd_trans_stable states.
So making the barrier in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
unconditional isn't good idea and it would be a flakey solution.
This should be fully fixed by introducing a pmd_read_atomic that reads
the pmd in order with THP disabled, or by reading the pmd atomically
with cmpxchg8b with THP enabled.
Luckily this new race condition only triggers in the places that must
already be covered by pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() so the fix
is localized there but this bug is not related to THP.
NOTE: this can trigger on x86 32bit systems with PAE enabled with more
than 4G of ram, otherwise the high part of the pmd will never risk to be
truncated because it would be zero at all times, in turn so hiding the
SMP race.
This bug was discovered and fully debugged by Ulrich, quote:
----
[..]
pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() loads the content of edx and
eax.
496 static inline int pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(pmd_t
*pmd)
497 {
498 /* depend on compiler for an atomic pmd read */
499 pmd_t pmdval = *pmd;
// edi = pmd pointer
0xc0507a74 <sys_mincore+548>: mov 0x8(%esp),%edi
...
// edx = PTE page table high address
0xc0507a84 <sys_mincore+564>: mov 0x4(%edi),%edx
...
// eax = PTE page table low address
0xc0507a8e <sys_mincore+574>: mov (%edi),%eax
[..]
Please note that the PMD is not read atomically. These are two "mov"
instructions where the high order bits of the PMD entry are fetched
first. Hence, the above machine code is prone to the following race.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is 0x0000000000000000.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a84 loads 0x00000000 into edx.
- A page fault (on another CPU) sneaks in between the two "mov"
instructions and instantiates the PMD.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is now 0x00000003fda38067.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a8e loads 0xfda38067 into eax.
----
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Matousek <pmatouse@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29 22:06:49 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef pmd_read_atomic
|
|
|
|
|
static inline pmd_t pmd_read_atomic(pmd_t *pmdp)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Depend on compiler for an atomic pmd read. NOTE: this is
|
|
|
|
|
* only going to work, if the pmdval_t isn't larger than
|
|
|
|
|
* an unsigned long.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
return *pmdp;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-12-13 00:44:32 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef arch_needs_pgtable_deposit
|
|
|
|
|
#define arch_needs_pgtable_deposit() (false)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* This function is meant to be used by sites walking pagetables with
|
|
|
|
|
* the mmap_sem hold in read mode to protect against MADV_DONTNEED and
|
|
|
|
|
* transhuge page faults. MADV_DONTNEED can convert a transhuge pmd
|
|
|
|
|
* into a null pmd and the transhuge page fault can convert a null pmd
|
|
|
|
|
* into an hugepmd or into a regular pmd (if the hugepage allocation
|
|
|
|
|
* fails). While holding the mmap_sem in read mode the pmd becomes
|
|
|
|
|
* stable and stops changing under us only if it's not null and not a
|
|
|
|
|
* transhuge pmd. When those races occurs and this function makes a
|
|
|
|
|
* difference vs the standard pmd_none_or_clear_bad, the result is
|
|
|
|
|
* undefined so behaving like if the pmd was none is safe (because it
|
|
|
|
|
* can return none anyway). The compiler level barrier() is critically
|
|
|
|
|
* important to compute the two checks atomically on the same pmdval.
|
mm: pmd_read_atomic: fix 32bit PAE pmd walk vs pmd_populate SMP race condition
When holding the mmap_sem for reading, pmd_offset_map_lock should only
run on a pmd_t that has been read atomically from the pmdp pointer,
otherwise we may read only half of it leading to this crash.
PID: 11679 TASK: f06e8000 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "do_race_2_panic"
#0 [f06a9dd8] crash_kexec at c049b5ec
#1 [f06a9e2c] oops_end at c083d1c2
#2 [f06a9e40] no_context at c0433ded
#3 [f06a9e64] bad_area_nosemaphore at c043401a
#4 [f06a9e6c] __do_page_fault at c0434493
#5 [f06a9eec] do_page_fault at c083eb45
#6 [f06a9f04] error_code (via page_fault) at c083c5d5
EAX: 01fb470c EBX: fff35000 ECX: 00000003 EDX: 00000100 EBP:
00000000
DS: 007b ESI: 9e201000 ES: 007b EDI: 01fb4700 GS: 00e0
CS: 0060 EIP: c083bc14 ERR: ffffffff EFLAGS: 00010246
#7 [f06a9f38] _spin_lock at c083bc14
#8 [f06a9f44] sys_mincore at c0507b7d
#9 [f06a9fb0] system_call at c083becd
start len
EAX: ffffffda EBX: 9e200000 ECX: 00001000 EDX: 6228537f
DS: 007b ESI: 00000000 ES: 007b EDI: 003d0f00
SS: 007b ESP: 62285354 EBP: 62285388 GS: 0033
CS: 0073 EIP: 00291416 ERR: 000000da EFLAGS: 00000286
This should be a longstanding bug affecting x86 32bit PAE without THP.
Only archs with 64bit large pmd_t and 32bit unsigned long should be
affected.
With THP enabled the barrier() in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
would partly hide the bug when the pmd transition from none to stable,
by forcing a re-read of the *pmd in pmd_offset_map_lock, but when THP is
enabled a new set of problem arises by the fact could then transition
freely in any of the none, pmd_trans_huge or pmd_trans_stable states.
So making the barrier in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
unconditional isn't good idea and it would be a flakey solution.
This should be fully fixed by introducing a pmd_read_atomic that reads
the pmd in order with THP disabled, or by reading the pmd atomically
with cmpxchg8b with THP enabled.
Luckily this new race condition only triggers in the places that must
already be covered by pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() so the fix
is localized there but this bug is not related to THP.
NOTE: this can trigger on x86 32bit systems with PAE enabled with more
than 4G of ram, otherwise the high part of the pmd will never risk to be
truncated because it would be zero at all times, in turn so hiding the
SMP race.
This bug was discovered and fully debugged by Ulrich, quote:
----
[..]
pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() loads the content of edx and
eax.
496 static inline int pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(pmd_t
*pmd)
497 {
498 /* depend on compiler for an atomic pmd read */
499 pmd_t pmdval = *pmd;
// edi = pmd pointer
0xc0507a74 <sys_mincore+548>: mov 0x8(%esp),%edi
...
// edx = PTE page table high address
0xc0507a84 <sys_mincore+564>: mov 0x4(%edi),%edx
...
// eax = PTE page table low address
0xc0507a8e <sys_mincore+574>: mov (%edi),%eax
[..]
Please note that the PMD is not read atomically. These are two "mov"
instructions where the high order bits of the PMD entry are fetched
first. Hence, the above machine code is prone to the following race.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is 0x0000000000000000.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a84 loads 0x00000000 into edx.
- A page fault (on another CPU) sneaks in between the two "mov"
instructions and instantiates the PMD.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is now 0x00000003fda38067.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a8e loads 0xfda38067 into eax.
----
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Matousek <pmatouse@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29 22:06:49 +00:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* For 32bit kernels with a 64bit large pmd_t this automatically takes
|
|
|
|
|
* care of reading the pmd atomically to avoid SMP race conditions
|
|
|
|
|
* against pmd_populate() when the mmap_sem is hold for reading by the
|
|
|
|
|
* caller (a special atomic read not done by "gcc" as in the generic
|
|
|
|
|
* version above, is also needed when THP is disabled because the page
|
|
|
|
|
* fault can populate the pmd from under us).
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
mm: pmd_read_atomic: fix 32bit PAE pmd walk vs pmd_populate SMP race condition
When holding the mmap_sem for reading, pmd_offset_map_lock should only
run on a pmd_t that has been read atomically from the pmdp pointer,
otherwise we may read only half of it leading to this crash.
PID: 11679 TASK: f06e8000 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "do_race_2_panic"
#0 [f06a9dd8] crash_kexec at c049b5ec
#1 [f06a9e2c] oops_end at c083d1c2
#2 [f06a9e40] no_context at c0433ded
#3 [f06a9e64] bad_area_nosemaphore at c043401a
#4 [f06a9e6c] __do_page_fault at c0434493
#5 [f06a9eec] do_page_fault at c083eb45
#6 [f06a9f04] error_code (via page_fault) at c083c5d5
EAX: 01fb470c EBX: fff35000 ECX: 00000003 EDX: 00000100 EBP:
00000000
DS: 007b ESI: 9e201000 ES: 007b EDI: 01fb4700 GS: 00e0
CS: 0060 EIP: c083bc14 ERR: ffffffff EFLAGS: 00010246
#7 [f06a9f38] _spin_lock at c083bc14
#8 [f06a9f44] sys_mincore at c0507b7d
#9 [f06a9fb0] system_call at c083becd
start len
EAX: ffffffda EBX: 9e200000 ECX: 00001000 EDX: 6228537f
DS: 007b ESI: 00000000 ES: 007b EDI: 003d0f00
SS: 007b ESP: 62285354 EBP: 62285388 GS: 0033
CS: 0073 EIP: 00291416 ERR: 000000da EFLAGS: 00000286
This should be a longstanding bug affecting x86 32bit PAE without THP.
Only archs with 64bit large pmd_t and 32bit unsigned long should be
affected.
With THP enabled the barrier() in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
would partly hide the bug when the pmd transition from none to stable,
by forcing a re-read of the *pmd in pmd_offset_map_lock, but when THP is
enabled a new set of problem arises by the fact could then transition
freely in any of the none, pmd_trans_huge or pmd_trans_stable states.
So making the barrier in pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad()
unconditional isn't good idea and it would be a flakey solution.
This should be fully fixed by introducing a pmd_read_atomic that reads
the pmd in order with THP disabled, or by reading the pmd atomically
with cmpxchg8b with THP enabled.
Luckily this new race condition only triggers in the places that must
already be covered by pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() so the fix
is localized there but this bug is not related to THP.
NOTE: this can trigger on x86 32bit systems with PAE enabled with more
than 4G of ram, otherwise the high part of the pmd will never risk to be
truncated because it would be zero at all times, in turn so hiding the
SMP race.
This bug was discovered and fully debugged by Ulrich, quote:
----
[..]
pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() loads the content of edx and
eax.
496 static inline int pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(pmd_t
*pmd)
497 {
498 /* depend on compiler for an atomic pmd read */
499 pmd_t pmdval = *pmd;
// edi = pmd pointer
0xc0507a74 <sys_mincore+548>: mov 0x8(%esp),%edi
...
// edx = PTE page table high address
0xc0507a84 <sys_mincore+564>: mov 0x4(%edi),%edx
...
// eax = PTE page table low address
0xc0507a8e <sys_mincore+574>: mov (%edi),%eax
[..]
Please note that the PMD is not read atomically. These are two "mov"
instructions where the high order bits of the PMD entry are fetched
first. Hence, the above machine code is prone to the following race.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is 0x0000000000000000.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a84 loads 0x00000000 into edx.
- A page fault (on another CPU) sneaks in between the two "mov"
instructions and instantiates the PMD.
- The PMD entry {high|low} is now 0x00000003fda38067.
The "mov" at 0xc0507a8e loads 0xfda38067 into eax.
----
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Matousek <pmatouse@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29 22:06:49 +00:00
|
|
|
pmd_t pmdval = pmd_read_atomic(pmd);
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* The barrier will stabilize the pmdval in a register or on
|
|
|
|
|
* the stack so that it will stop changing under the code.
|
2012-06-20 19:52:57 +00:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* When CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y on x86 32bit PAE,
|
|
|
|
|
* pmd_read_atomic is allowed to return a not atomic pmdval
|
|
|
|
|
* (for example pointing to an hugepage that has never been
|
|
|
|
|
* mapped in the pmd). The below checks will only care about
|
|
|
|
|
* the low part of the pmd with 32bit PAE x86 anyway, with the
|
|
|
|
|
* exception of pmd_none(). So the important thing is that if
|
|
|
|
|
* the low part of the pmd is found null, the high part will
|
|
|
|
|
* be also null or the pmd_none() check below would be
|
|
|
|
|
* confused.
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
barrier();
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
mm: thp: check pmd migration entry in common path
When THP migration is being used, memory management code needs to handle
pmd migration entries properly. This patch uses !pmd_present() or
is_swap_pmd() (depending on whether pmd_none() needs separate code or
not) to check pmd migration entries at the places where a pmd entry is
present.
Since pmd-related code uses split_huge_page(), split_huge_pmd(),
pmd_trans_huge(), pmd_trans_unstable(), or
pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), this patch:
1. adds pmd migration entry split code in split_huge_pmd(),
2. takes care of pmd migration entries whenever pmd_trans_huge() is present,
3. makes pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() pmd migration entry aware.
Since split_huge_page() uses split_huge_pmd() and pmd_trans_unstable()
is equivalent to pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), we do not change
them.
Until this commit, a pmd entry should be:
1. pointing to a pte page,
2. is_swap_pmd(),
3. pmd_trans_huge(),
4. pmd_devmap(), or
5. pmd_none().
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:01 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* !pmd_present() checks for pmd migration entries
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* The complete check uses is_pmd_migration_entry() in linux/swapops.h
|
|
|
|
|
* But using that requires moving current function and pmd_trans_unstable()
|
|
|
|
|
* to linux/swapops.h to resovle dependency, which is too much code move.
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* !pmd_present() is equivalent to is_pmd_migration_entry() currently,
|
|
|
|
|
* because !pmd_present() pages can only be under migration not swapped
|
|
|
|
|
* out.
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* pmd_none() is preseved for future condition checks on pmd migration
|
|
|
|
|
* entries and not confusing with this function name, although it is
|
|
|
|
|
* redundant with !pmd_present().
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
if (pmd_none(pmdval) || pmd_trans_huge(pmdval) ||
|
|
|
|
|
(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION) && !pmd_present(pmdval)))
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(pmd_bad(pmdval))) {
|
2013-12-20 13:10:03 +00:00
|
|
|
pmd_clear_bad(pmd);
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* This is a noop if Transparent Hugepage Support is not built into
|
|
|
|
|
* the kernel. Otherwise it is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
* pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), and shall only be called in
|
|
|
|
|
* places that already verified the pmd is not none and they want to
|
|
|
|
|
* walk ptes while holding the mmap sem in read mode (write mode don't
|
|
|
|
|
* need this). If THP is not enabled, the pmd can't go away under the
|
|
|
|
|
* code even if MADV_DONTNEED runs, but if THP is enabled we need to
|
|
|
|
|
* run a pmd_trans_unstable before walking the ptes after
|
2019-09-23 22:37:41 +00:00
|
|
|
* split_huge_pmd returns (because it may have run when the pmd become
|
|
|
|
|
* null, but then a page fault can map in a THP and not a regular page).
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_trans_unstable(pmd_t *pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
return pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(pmd);
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-02-12 22:58:19 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Technically a PTE can be PROTNONE even when not doing NUMA balancing but
|
|
|
|
|
* the only case the kernel cares is for NUMA balancing and is only ever set
|
|
|
|
|
* when the VMA is accessible. For PROT_NONE VMAs, the PTEs are not marked
|
|
|
|
|
* _PAGE_PROTNONE so by by default, implement the helper as "always no". It
|
|
|
|
|
* is the responsibility of the caller to distinguish between PROT_NONE
|
|
|
|
|
* protections and NUMA hinting fault protections.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pte_protnone(pte_t pte)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_protnone(pmd_t pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */
|
|
|
|
|
|
mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 23:33:42 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
|
2011-01-13 23:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
|
|
|
|
|
int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
|
|
|
|
|
int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d);
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* !__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
int pud_set_huge(pud_t *pud, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
|
|
|
|
|
int pmd_set_huge(pmd_t *pmd, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
|
2015-04-14 22:47:26 +00:00
|
|
|
int pud_clear_huge(pud_t *pud);
|
|
|
|
|
int pmd_clear_huge(pmd_t *pmd);
|
2018-12-28 08:37:53 +00:00
|
|
|
int p4d_free_pud_page(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr);
|
2018-06-27 14:13:47 +00:00
|
|
|
int pud_free_pmd_page(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr);
|
|
|
|
|
int pmd_free_pte_page(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr);
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
#else /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pud_set_huge(pud_t *pud, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_set_huge(pmd_t *pmd, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-03-09 14:24:07 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-04-14 22:47:26 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pud_clear_huge(pud_t *pud)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_clear_huge(pmd_t *pmd)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2018-12-28 08:37:53 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int p4d_free_pud_page(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2018-06-27 14:13:47 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pud_free_pmd_page(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr)
|
mm/vmalloc: add interfaces to free unmapped page table
On architectures with CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP set, ioremap() may
create pud/pmd mappings. A kernel panic was observed on arm64 systems
with Cortex-A75 in the following steps as described by Hanjun Guo.
1. ioremap a 4K size, valid page table will build,
2. iounmap it, pte0 will set to 0;
3. ioremap the same address with 2M size, pgd/pmd is unchanged,
then set the a new value for pmd;
4. pte0 is leaked;
5. CPU may meet exception because the old pmd is still in TLB,
which will lead to kernel panic.
This panic is not reproducible on x86. INVLPG, called from iounmap,
purges all levels of entries associated with purged address on x86. x86
still has memory leak.
The patch changes the ioremap path to free unmapped page table(s) since
doing so in the unmap path has the following issues:
- The iounmap() path is shared with vunmap(). Since vmap() only
supports pte mappings, making vunmap() to free a pte page is an
overhead for regular vmap users as they do not need a pte page freed
up.
- Checking if all entries in a pte page are cleared in the unmap path
is racy, and serializing this check is expensive.
- The unmap path calls free_vmap_area_noflush() to do lazy TLB purges.
Clearing a pud/pmd entry before the lazy TLB purges needs extra TLB
purge.
Add two interfaces, pud_free_pmd_page() and pmd_free_pte_page(), which
clear a given pud/pmd entry and free up a page for the lower level
entries.
This patch implements their stub functions on x86 and arm64, which work
as workaround.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in pmd_free_pte_page() stub]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180314180155.19492-2-toshi.kani@hpe.com
Fixes: e61ce6ade404e ("mm: change ioremap to set up huge I/O mappings")
Reported-by: Lei Li <lious.lilei@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Wang Xuefeng <wxf.wang@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-03-22 23:17:20 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2018-06-27 14:13:47 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int pmd_free_pte_page(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr)
|
mm/vmalloc: add interfaces to free unmapped page table
On architectures with CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP set, ioremap() may
create pud/pmd mappings. A kernel panic was observed on arm64 systems
with Cortex-A75 in the following steps as described by Hanjun Guo.
1. ioremap a 4K size, valid page table will build,
2. iounmap it, pte0 will set to 0;
3. ioremap the same address with 2M size, pgd/pmd is unchanged,
then set the a new value for pmd;
4. pte0 is leaked;
5. CPU may meet exception because the old pmd is still in TLB,
which will lead to kernel panic.
This panic is not reproducible on x86. INVLPG, called from iounmap,
purges all levels of entries associated with purged address on x86. x86
still has memory leak.
The patch changes the ioremap path to free unmapped page table(s) since
doing so in the unmap path has the following issues:
- The iounmap() path is shared with vunmap(). Since vmap() only
supports pte mappings, making vunmap() to free a pte page is an
overhead for regular vmap users as they do not need a pte page freed
up.
- Checking if all entries in a pte page are cleared in the unmap path
is racy, and serializing this check is expensive.
- The unmap path calls free_vmap_area_noflush() to do lazy TLB purges.
Clearing a pud/pmd entry before the lazy TLB purges needs extra TLB
purge.
Add two interfaces, pud_free_pmd_page() and pmd_free_pte_page(), which
clear a given pud/pmd entry and free up a page for the lower level
entries.
This patch implements their stub functions on x86 and arm64, which work
as workaround.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in pmd_free_pte_page() stub]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180314180155.19492-2-toshi.kani@hpe.com
Fixes: e61ce6ade404e ("mm: change ioremap to set up huge I/O mappings")
Reported-by: Lei Li <lious.lilei@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Wang Xuefeng <wxf.wang@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-03-22 23:17:20 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2015-04-14 22:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-03-17 21:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_FLUSH_PMD_TLB_RANGE
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* ARCHes with special requirements for evicting THP backing TLB entries can
|
|
|
|
|
* implement this. Otherwise also, it can help optimize normal TLB flush in
|
|
|
|
|
* THP regime. stock flush_tlb_range() typically has optimization to nuke the
|
|
|
|
|
* entire TLB TLB if flush span is greater than a threshold, which will
|
|
|
|
|
* likely be true for a single huge page. Thus a single thp flush will
|
|
|
|
|
* invalidate the entire TLB which is not desitable.
|
|
|
|
|
* e.g. see arch/arc: flush_pmd_tlb_range
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#define flush_pmd_tlb_range(vma, addr, end) flush_tlb_range(vma, addr, end)
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#define flush_pud_tlb_range(vma, addr, end) flush_tlb_range(vma, addr, end)
|
2016-03-17 21:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define flush_pmd_tlb_range(vma, addr, end) BUILD_BUG()
|
2017-02-24 22:57:02 +00:00
|
|
|
#define flush_pud_tlb_range(vma, addr, end) BUILD_BUG()
|
2016-03-17 21:18:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 00:00:55 +00:00
|
|
|
struct file;
|
|
|
|
|
int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot);
|
2017-12-17 09:56:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
|
|
|
|
|
static inline void init_espfix_bsp(void) { }
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-23 22:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
extern void __init pgtable_cache_init(void);
|
2019-05-05 01:11:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2018-07-14 19:56:13 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PFN_MODIFY_ALLOWED
|
|
|
|
|
static inline bool pfn_modify_allowed(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline bool arch_has_pfn_modify_check(void)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
#endif /* !_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_MODIFY_ALLOWED */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-08-17 22:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* Architecture PAGE_KERNEL_* fallbacks
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
* Some architectures don't define certain PAGE_KERNEL_* flags. This is either
|
|
|
|
|
* because they really don't support them, or the port needs to be updated to
|
|
|
|
|
* reflect the required functionality. Below are a set of relatively safe
|
|
|
|
|
* fallbacks, as best effort, which we can count on in lieu of the architectures
|
|
|
|
|
* not defining them on their own yet.
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef PAGE_KERNEL_RO
|
|
|
|
|
# define PAGE_KERNEL_RO PAGE_KERNEL
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-08-17 22:46:32 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC
|
|
|
|
|
# define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC PAGE_KERNEL
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-05-11 16:13:10 +00:00
|
|
|
#ifndef io_remap_pfn_range
|
|
|
|
|
#define io_remap_pfn_range remap_pfn_range
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
arch: fix has_transparent_hugepage()
I've just discovered that the useful-sounding has_transparent_hugepage()
is actually an architecture-dependent minefield: on some arches it only
builds if CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y, on others it's also there when
not, but on some of those (arm and arm64) it then gives the wrong
answer; and on mips alone it's marked __init, which would crash if
called later (but so far it has not been called later).
Straighten this out: make it available to all configs, with a sensible
default in asm-generic/pgtable.h, removing its definitions from those
arches (arc, arm, arm64, sparc, tile) which are served by the default,
adding #define has_transparent_hugepage has_transparent_hugepage to
those (mips, powerpc, s390, x86) which need to override the default at
runtime, and removing the __init from mips (but maybe that kind of code
should be avoided after init: set a static variable the first time it's
called).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> [arch/arc]
Acked-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> [arch/s390]
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 00:13:00 +00:00
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#ifndef has_transparent_hugepage
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
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#define has_transparent_hugepage() 1
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#else
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#define has_transparent_hugepage() 0
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#endif
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#endif
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2018-10-15 08:25:57 +00:00
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/*
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* On some architectures it depends on the mm if the p4d/pud or pmd
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* layer of the page table hierarchy is folded or not.
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*/
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#ifndef mm_p4d_folded
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#define mm_p4d_folded(mm) __is_defined(__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED)
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#endif
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#ifndef mm_pud_folded
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#define mm_pud_folded(mm) __is_defined(__PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED)
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#endif
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#ifndef mm_pmd_folded
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#define mm_pmd_folded(mm) __is_defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED)
|
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#endif
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|
2020-02-04 01:35:01 +00:00
|
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|
/*
|
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|
|
* p?d_leaf() - true if this entry is a final mapping to a physical address.
|
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|
|
|
* This differs from p?d_huge() by the fact that they are always available (if
|
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|
* the architecture supports large pages at the appropriate level) even
|
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* if CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not defined.
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* Only meaningful when called on a valid entry.
|
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*/
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#ifndef pgd_leaf
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#define pgd_leaf(x) 0
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#endif
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#ifndef p4d_leaf
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#define p4d_leaf(x) 0
|
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#endif
|
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#ifndef pud_leaf
|
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#define pud_leaf(x) 0
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#endif
|
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#ifndef pmd_leaf
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|
#define pmd_leaf(x) 0
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|
#endif
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_H */
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