linux/arch/arm64/kernel/process.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Based on arch/arm/kernel/process.c
*
* Original Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
* Copyright (C) 1996-2000 Russell King - Converted to ARM.
* Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
*/
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
arm64: entry.S: Do not preempt from IRQ before all cpufeatures are enabled Preempting from IRQ-return means that the task has its PSTATE saved on the stack, which will get restored when the task is resumed and does the actual IRQ return. However, enabling some CPU features requires modifying the PSTATE. This means that, if a task was scheduled out during an IRQ-return before all CPU features are enabled, the task might restore a PSTATE that does not include the feature enablement changes once scheduled back in. * Task 1: PAN == 0 ---| |--------------- | |<- return from IRQ, PSTATE.PAN = 0 | <- IRQ | +--------+ <- preempt() +-- ^ | reschedule Task 1, PSTATE.PAN == 1 * Init: --------------------+------------------------ ^ | enable_cpu_features set PSTATE.PAN on all CPUs Worse than this, since PSTATE is untouched when task switching is done, a task missing the new bits in PSTATE might affect another task, if both do direct calls to schedule() (outside of IRQ/exception contexts). Fix this by preventing preemption on IRQ-return until features are enabled on all CPUs. This way the only PSTATE values that are saved on the stack are from synchronous exceptions. These are expected to be fatal this early, the exception is BRK for WARN_ON(), but as this uses do_debug_exception() which keeps IRQs masked, it shouldn't call schedule(). Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com> [james: Replaced a really cool hack, with an even simpler static key in C. expanded commit message with Julien's cover-letter ascii art] Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-10-15 17:25:44 +00:00
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/user.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/elfcore.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <trace/events/power.h>
arm64: split thread_info from task stack This patch moves arm64's struct thread_info from the task stack into task_struct. This protects thread_info from corruption in the case of stack overflows, and makes its address harder to determine if stack addresses are leaked, making a number of attacks more difficult. Precise detection and handling of overflow is left for subsequent patches. Largely, this involves changing code to store the task_struct in sp_el0, and acquire the thread_info from the task struct. Core code now implements current_thread_info(), and as noted in <linux/sched.h> this relies on offsetof(task_struct, thread_info) == 0, enforced by core code. This change means that the 'tsk' register used in entry.S now points to a task_struct, rather than a thread_info as it used to. To make this clear, the TI_* field offsets are renamed to TSK_TI_*, with asm-offsets appropriately updated to account for the structural change. Userspace clobbers sp_el0, and we can no longer restore this from the stack. Instead, the current task is cached in a per-cpu variable that we can safely access from early assembly as interrupts are disabled (and we are thus not preemptible). Both secondary entry and idle are updated to stash the sp and task pointer separately. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2016-11-03 20:23:13 +00:00
#include <linux/percpu.h>
arm64/sve: Core task context handling This patch adds the core support for switching and managing the SVE architectural state of user tasks. Calls to the existing FPSIMD low-level save/restore functions are factored out as new functions task_fpsimd_{save,load}(), since SVE now dynamically may or may not need to be handled at these points depending on the kernel configuration, hardware features discovered at boot, and the runtime state of the task. To make these decisions as fast as possible, const cpucaps are used where feasible, via the system_supports_sve() helper. The SVE registers are only tracked for threads that have explicitly used SVE, indicated by the new thread flag TIF_SVE. Otherwise, the FPSIMD view of the architectural state is stored in thread.fpsimd_state as usual. When in use, the SVE registers are not stored directly in thread_struct due to their potentially large and variable size. Because the task_struct slab allocator must be configured very early during kernel boot, it is also tricky to configure it correctly to match the maximum vector length provided by the hardware, since this depends on examining secondary CPUs as well as the primary. Instead, a pointer sve_state in thread_struct points to a dynamically allocated buffer containing the SVE register data, and code is added to allocate and free this buffer at appropriate times. TIF_SVE is set when taking an SVE access trap from userspace, if suitable hardware support has been detected. This enables SVE for the thread: a subsequent return to userspace will disable the trap accordingly. If such a trap is taken without sufficient system- wide hardware support, SIGILL is sent to the thread instead as if an undefined instruction had been executed: this may happen if userspace tries to use SVE in a system where not all CPUs support it for example. The kernel will clear TIF_SVE and disable SVE for the thread whenever an explicit syscall is made by userspace. For backwards compatibility reasons and conformance with the spirit of the base AArch64 procedure call standard, the subset of the SVE register state that aliases the FPSIMD registers is still preserved across a syscall even if this happens. The remainder of the SVE register state logically becomes zero at syscall entry, though the actual zeroing work is currently deferred until the thread next tries to use SVE, causing another trap to the kernel. This implementation is suboptimal: in the future, the fastpath case may be optimised to zero the registers in-place and leave SVE enabled for the task, where beneficial. TIF_SVE is also cleared in the following slowpath cases, which are taken as reasonable hints that the task may no longer use SVE: * exec * fork and clone Code is added to sync data between thread.fpsimd_state and thread.sve_state whenever enabling/disabling SVE, in a manner consistent with the SVE architectural programmer's model. Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> [will: added #include to fix allnoconfig build] [will: use enable_daif in do_sve_acc] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-10-31 15:51:05 +00:00
#include <linux/thread_info.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <asm/alternative.h>
#include <asm/arch_gicv3.h>
#include <asm/compat.h>
arm64: entry.S: Do not preempt from IRQ before all cpufeatures are enabled Preempting from IRQ-return means that the task has its PSTATE saved on the stack, which will get restored when the task is resumed and does the actual IRQ return. However, enabling some CPU features requires modifying the PSTATE. This means that, if a task was scheduled out during an IRQ-return before all CPU features are enabled, the task might restore a PSTATE that does not include the feature enablement changes once scheduled back in. * Task 1: PAN == 0 ---| |--------------- | |<- return from IRQ, PSTATE.PAN = 0 | <- IRQ | +--------+ <- preempt() +-- ^ | reschedule Task 1, PSTATE.PAN == 1 * Init: --------------------+------------------------ ^ | enable_cpu_features set PSTATE.PAN on all CPUs Worse than this, since PSTATE is untouched when task switching is done, a task missing the new bits in PSTATE might affect another task, if both do direct calls to schedule() (outside of IRQ/exception contexts). Fix this by preventing preemption on IRQ-return until features are enabled on all CPUs. This way the only PSTATE values that are saved on the stack are from synchronous exceptions. These are expected to be fatal this early, the exception is BRK for WARN_ON(), but as this uses do_debug_exception() which keeps IRQs masked, it shouldn't call schedule(). Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com> [james: Replaced a really cool hack, with an even simpler static key in C. expanded commit message with Julien's cover-letter ascii art] Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-10-15 17:25:44 +00:00
#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/exec.h>
#include <asm/fpsimd.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/mte.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/pointer_auth.h>
#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
#if defined(CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR) && !defined(CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR_PER_TASK)
#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
unsigned long __stack_chk_guard __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_guard);
#endif
/*
* Function pointers to optional machine specific functions
*/
void (*pm_power_off)(void);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pm_power_off);
void (*arm_pm_restart)(enum reboot_mode reboot_mode, const char *cmd);
static void noinstr __cpu_do_idle(void)
{
dsb(sy);
wfi();
}
static void noinstr __cpu_do_idle_irqprio(void)
{
unsigned long pmr;
unsigned long daif_bits;
daif_bits = read_sysreg(daif);
write_sysreg(daif_bits | PSR_I_BIT | PSR_F_BIT, daif);
/*
* Unmask PMR before going idle to make sure interrupts can
* be raised.
*/
pmr = gic_read_pmr();
arm64: Fix incorrect irqflag restore for priority masking When using IRQ priority masking to disable interrupts, in order to deal with the PSR.I state, local_irq_save() would convert the I bit into a PMR value (GIC_PRIO_IRQOFF). This resulted in local_irq_restore() potentially modifying the value of PMR in undesired location due to the state of PSR.I upon flag saving [1]. In an attempt to solve this issue in a less hackish manner, introduce a bit (GIC_PRIO_IGNORE_PMR) for the PMR values that can represent whether PSR.I is being used to disable interrupts, in which case it takes precedence of the status of interrupt masking via PMR. GIC_PRIO_PSR_I_SET is chosen such that (<pmr_value> | GIC_PRIO_PSR_I_SET) does not mask more interrupts than <pmr_value> as some sections (e.g. arch_cpu_idle(), interrupt acknowledge path) requires PMR not to mask interrupts that could be signaled to the CPU when using only PSR.I. [1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/arm-kernel/msg716956.html Fixes: 4a503217ce37 ("arm64: irqflags: Use ICC_PMR_EL1 for interrupt masking") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.1.x- Reported-by: Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Wei Li <liwei391@huawei.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Suzuki K Pouloze <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2019-06-11 09:38:10 +00:00
gic_write_pmr(GIC_PRIO_IRQON | GIC_PRIO_PSR_I_SET);
__cpu_do_idle();
gic_write_pmr(pmr);
write_sysreg(daif_bits, daif);
}
/*
* cpu_do_idle()
*
* Idle the processor (wait for interrupt).
*
* If the CPU supports priority masking we must do additional work to
* ensure that interrupts are not masked at the PMR (because the core will
* not wake up if we block the wake up signal in the interrupt controller).
*/
void noinstr cpu_do_idle(void)
{
if (system_uses_irq_prio_masking())
__cpu_do_idle_irqprio();
else
__cpu_do_idle();
}
/*
* This is our default idle handler.
*/
void noinstr arch_cpu_idle(void)
{
/*
* This should do all the clock switching and wait for interrupt
* tricks
*/
cpu_do_idle();
raw_local_irq_enable();
}
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
void arch_cpu_idle_dead(void)
{
cpu_die();
}
#endif
/*
* Called by kexec, immediately prior to machine_kexec().
*
* This must completely disable all secondary CPUs; simply causing those CPUs
* to execute e.g. a RAM-based pin loop is not sufficient. This allows the
* kexec'd kernel to use any and all RAM as it sees fit, without having to
* avoid any code or data used by any SW CPU pin loop. The CPU hotplug
* functionality embodied in smpt_shutdown_nonboot_cpus() to achieve this.
*/
void machine_shutdown(void)
{
smp_shutdown_nonboot_cpus(reboot_cpu);
}
/*
* Halting simply requires that the secondary CPUs stop performing any
* activity (executing tasks, handling interrupts). smp_send_stop()
* achieves this.
*/
void machine_halt(void)
{
local_irq_disable();
smp_send_stop();
while (1);
}
/*
* Power-off simply requires that the secondary CPUs stop performing any
* activity (executing tasks, handling interrupts). smp_send_stop()
* achieves this. When the system power is turned off, it will take all CPUs
* with it.
*/
void machine_power_off(void)
{
local_irq_disable();
smp_send_stop();
if (pm_power_off)
pm_power_off();
}
/*
* Restart requires that the secondary CPUs stop performing any activity
* while the primary CPU resets the system. Systems with multiple CPUs must
* provide a HW restart implementation, to ensure that all CPUs reset at once.
* This is required so that any code running after reset on the primary CPU
* doesn't have to co-ordinate with other CPUs to ensure they aren't still
* executing pre-reset code, and using RAM that the primary CPU's code wishes
* to use. Implementing such co-ordination would be essentially impossible.
*/
void machine_restart(char *cmd)
{
/* Disable interrupts first */
local_irq_disable();
smp_send_stop();
/*
* UpdateCapsule() depends on the system being reset via
* ResetSystem().
*/
if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
efi_reboot(reboot_mode, NULL);
/* Now call the architecture specific reboot code. */
if (arm_pm_restart)
arm_pm_restart(reboot_mode, cmd);
else
do_kernel_restart(cmd);
/*
* Whoops - the architecture was unable to reboot.
*/
printk("Reboot failed -- System halted\n");
while (1);
}
#define bstr(suffix, str) [PSR_BTYPE_ ## suffix >> PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT] = str
static const char *const btypes[] = {
bstr(NONE, "--"),
bstr( JC, "jc"),
bstr( C, "-c"),
bstr( J , "j-")
};
#undef bstr
static void print_pstate(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
u64 pstate = regs->pstate;
if (compat_user_mode(regs)) {
printk("pstate: %08llx (%c%c%c%c %c %s %s %c%c%c)\n",
pstate,
pstate & PSR_AA32_N_BIT ? 'N' : 'n',
pstate & PSR_AA32_Z_BIT ? 'Z' : 'z',
pstate & PSR_AA32_C_BIT ? 'C' : 'c',
pstate & PSR_AA32_V_BIT ? 'V' : 'v',
pstate & PSR_AA32_Q_BIT ? 'Q' : 'q',
pstate & PSR_AA32_T_BIT ? "T32" : "A32",
pstate & PSR_AA32_E_BIT ? "BE" : "LE",
pstate & PSR_AA32_A_BIT ? 'A' : 'a',
pstate & PSR_AA32_I_BIT ? 'I' : 'i',
pstate & PSR_AA32_F_BIT ? 'F' : 'f');
} else {
const char *btype_str = btypes[(pstate & PSR_BTYPE_MASK) >>
PSR_BTYPE_SHIFT];
printk("pstate: %08llx (%c%c%c%c %c%c%c%c %cPAN %cUAO %cTCO BTYPE=%s)\n",
pstate,
pstate & PSR_N_BIT ? 'N' : 'n',
pstate & PSR_Z_BIT ? 'Z' : 'z',
pstate & PSR_C_BIT ? 'C' : 'c',
pstate & PSR_V_BIT ? 'V' : 'v',
pstate & PSR_D_BIT ? 'D' : 'd',
pstate & PSR_A_BIT ? 'A' : 'a',
pstate & PSR_I_BIT ? 'I' : 'i',
pstate & PSR_F_BIT ? 'F' : 'f',
pstate & PSR_PAN_BIT ? '+' : '-',
pstate & PSR_UAO_BIT ? '+' : '-',
pstate & PSR_TCO_BIT ? '+' : '-',
btype_str);
}
}
void __show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
int i, top_reg;
u64 lr, sp;
if (compat_user_mode(regs)) {
lr = regs->compat_lr;
sp = regs->compat_sp;
top_reg = 12;
} else {
lr = regs->regs[30];
sp = regs->sp;
top_reg = 29;
}
dump_stack: unify debug information printed by show_regs() show_regs() is inherently arch-dependent but it does make sense to print generic debug information and some archs already do albeit in slightly different forms. This patch introduces a generic function to print debug information from show_regs() so that different archs print out the same information and it's much easier to modify what's printed. show_regs_print_info() prints out the same debug info as dump_stack() does plus task and thread_info pointers. * Archs which didn't print debug info now do. alpha, arc, blackfin, c6x, cris, frv, h8300, hexagon, ia64, m32r, metag, microblaze, mn10300, openrisc, parisc, score, sh64, sparc, um, xtensa * Already prints debug info. Replaced with show_regs_print_info(). The printed information is superset of what used to be there. arm, arm64, avr32, mips, powerpc, sh32, tile, unicore32, x86 * s390 is special in that it used to print arch-specific information along with generic debug info. Heiko and Martin think that the arch-specific extra isn't worth keeping s390 specfic implementation. Converted to use the generic version. Note that now all archs print the debug info before actual register dumps. An example BUG() dump follows. kernel BUG at /work/os/work/kernel/workqueue.c:4841! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.9.0-rc1-work+ #7 Hardware name: empty empty/S3992, BIOS 080011 10/26/2007 task: ffff88007c85e040 ti: ffff88007c860000 task.ti: ffff88007c860000 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8234a07e>] [<ffffffff8234a07e>] init_workqueues+0x4/0x6 RSP: 0000:ffff88007c861ec8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: ffff88007c861fd8 RBX: ffffffff824466a8 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000046 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffffffff8234a07a RBP: ffff88007c861ec8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff8234a07a R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88007dc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b CR2: ffff88015f7ff000 CR3: 00000000021f1000 CR4: 00000000000007f0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Stack: ffff88007c861ef8 ffffffff81000312 ffffffff824466a8 ffff88007c85e650 0000000000000003 0000000000000000 ffff88007c861f38 ffffffff82335e5d ffff88007c862080 ffffffff8223d8c0 ffff88007c862080 ffffffff81c47760 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81000312>] do_one_initcall+0x122/0x170 [<ffffffff82335e5d>] kernel_init_freeable+0x9b/0x1c8 [<ffffffff81c47760>] ? rest_init+0x140/0x140 [<ffffffff81c4776e>] kernel_init+0xe/0xf0 [<ffffffff81c6be9c>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0 [<ffffffff81c47760>] ? rest_init+0x140/0x140 ... v2: Typo fix in x86-32. v3: CPU number dropped from show_regs_print_info() as dump_stack_print_info() has been updated to print it. s390 specific implementation dropped as requested by s390 maintainers. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> [tile bits] Acked-by: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> [hexagon bits] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-30 22:27:17 +00:00
show_regs_print_info(KERN_DEFAULT);
print_pstate(regs);
if (!user_mode(regs)) {
printk("pc : %pS\n", (void *)regs->pc);
printk("lr : %pS\n", (void *)ptrauth_strip_insn_pac(lr));
} else {
printk("pc : %016llx\n", regs->pc);
printk("lr : %016llx\n", lr);
}
printk("sp : %016llx\n", sp);
arm64: fix show_regs fallout from KERN_CONT changes Recently in commit 4bcc595ccd80decb ("printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines"), the behaviour of printk changed w.r.t. KERN_CONT. Now, KERN_CONT is mandatory to continue existing lines. Without this, prefixes are inserted, making output illegible, e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] ... or when dumped with the userpace dmesg tool, which has slightly different implicit newline behaviour. e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] We can't simply always use KERN_CONT for lines which may or may not be continuations. That causes line prefixes (e.g. timestamps) to be supressed, and the alignment of all but the first line will be broken. For even more fun, we can't simply insert some dummy empty-string printk calls, as GCC warns for an empty printk string, and even if we pass KERN_DEFAULT explcitly to silence the warning, the prefix gets swallowed unless there is an additional part to the string. Instead, we must manually iterate over pairs of registers, which gives us the legible output we want in either case, e.g. [ 169.771790] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 169.779109] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 169.782386] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 169.787650] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 x26: ffff80097631de00 [ 169.792913] x25: 0000000000000001 x24: 00000027827b2cf4 Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-10-20 11:23:16 +00:00
if (system_uses_irq_prio_masking())
printk("pmr_save: %08llx\n", regs->pmr_save);
arm64: fix show_regs fallout from KERN_CONT changes Recently in commit 4bcc595ccd80decb ("printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines"), the behaviour of printk changed w.r.t. KERN_CONT. Now, KERN_CONT is mandatory to continue existing lines. Without this, prefixes are inserted, making output illegible, e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] ... or when dumped with the userpace dmesg tool, which has slightly different implicit newline behaviour. e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] We can't simply always use KERN_CONT for lines which may or may not be continuations. That causes line prefixes (e.g. timestamps) to be supressed, and the alignment of all but the first line will be broken. For even more fun, we can't simply insert some dummy empty-string printk calls, as GCC warns for an empty printk string, and even if we pass KERN_DEFAULT explcitly to silence the warning, the prefix gets swallowed unless there is an additional part to the string. Instead, we must manually iterate over pairs of registers, which gives us the legible output we want in either case, e.g. [ 169.771790] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 169.779109] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 169.782386] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 169.787650] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 x26: ffff80097631de00 [ 169.792913] x25: 0000000000000001 x24: 00000027827b2cf4 Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-10-20 11:23:16 +00:00
i = top_reg;
while (i >= 0) {
printk("x%-2d: %016llx ", i, regs->regs[i]);
arm64: fix show_regs fallout from KERN_CONT changes Recently in commit 4bcc595ccd80decb ("printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines"), the behaviour of printk changed w.r.t. KERN_CONT. Now, KERN_CONT is mandatory to continue existing lines. Without this, prefixes are inserted, making output illegible, e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] ... or when dumped with the userpace dmesg tool, which has slightly different implicit newline behaviour. e.g. [ 1007.069010] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 1007.076329] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.079606] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 [ 1007.082797] x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 1007.086160] [ 1007.087630] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 [ 1007.090820] x26: ffff80097631ca00 [ 1007.094183] [ 1007.095653] x25: 0000000000000001 [ 1007.098843] x24: 000000ea68b61cac [ 1007.102206] We can't simply always use KERN_CONT for lines which may or may not be continuations. That causes line prefixes (e.g. timestamps) to be supressed, and the alignment of all but the first line will be broken. For even more fun, we can't simply insert some dummy empty-string printk calls, as GCC warns for an empty printk string, and even if we pass KERN_DEFAULT explcitly to silence the warning, the prefix gets swallowed unless there is an additional part to the string. Instead, we must manually iterate over pairs of registers, which gives us the legible output we want in either case, e.g. [ 169.771790] pc : [<ffff00000871898c>] lr : [<ffff000008718948>] pstate: 40000145 [ 169.779109] sp : ffff000008d53ec0 [ 169.782386] x29: ffff000008d53ec0 x28: 0000000080c50018 [ 169.787650] x27: ffff000008e0c7f8 x26: ffff80097631de00 [ 169.792913] x25: 0000000000000001 x24: 00000027827b2cf4 Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-10-20 11:23:16 +00:00
i--;
if (i % 2 == 0) {
pr_cont("x%-2d: %016llx ", i, regs->regs[i]);
i--;
}
pr_cont("\n");
}
}
void show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
__show_regs(regs);
dump_backtrace(regs, NULL, KERN_DEFAULT);
}
static void tls_thread_flush(void)
{
write_sysreg(0, tpidr_el0);
if (is_compat_task()) {
arm64: uaccess: Fix omissions from usercopy whitelist When the hardend usercopy support was added for arm64, it was concluded that all cases of usercopy into and out of thread_struct were statically sized and so didn't require explicit whitelisting of the appropriate fields in thread_struct. Testing with usercopy hardening enabled has revealed that this is not the case for certain ptrace regset manipulation calls on arm64. This occurs because the sizes of usercopies associated with the regset API are dynamic by construction, and because arm64 does not always stage such copies via the stack: indeed the regset API is designed to avoid the need for that by adding some bounds checking. This is currently believed to affect only the fpsimd and TLS registers. Because the whitelisted fields in thread_struct must be contiguous, this patch groups them together in a nested struct. It is also necessary to be able to determine the location and size of that struct, so rather than making the struct anonymous (which would save on edits elsewhere) or adding an anonymous union containing named and unnamed instances of the same struct (gross), this patch gives the struct a name and makes the necessary edits to code that references it (noisy but simple). Care is needed to ensure that the new struct does not contain padding (which the usercopy hardening would fail to protect). For this reason, the presence of tp2_value is made unconditional, since a padding field would be needed there in any case. This pads up to the 16-byte alignment required by struct user_fpsimd_state. Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Fixes: 9e8084d3f761 ("arm64: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy") Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2018-03-28 09:50:49 +00:00
current->thread.uw.tp_value = 0;
/*
* We need to ensure ordering between the shadow state and the
* hardware state, so that we don't corrupt the hardware state
* with a stale shadow state during context switch.
*/
barrier();
write_sysreg(0, tpidrro_el0);
}
}
static void flush_tagged_addr_state(void)
{
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_TAGGED_ADDR_ABI))
clear_thread_flag(TIF_TAGGED_ADDR);
}
void flush_thread(void)
{
fpsimd_flush_thread();
tls_thread_flush();
flush_ptrace_hw_breakpoint(current);
flush_tagged_addr_state();
}
void release_thread(struct task_struct *dead_task)
{
}
arm64/sve: Core task context handling This patch adds the core support for switching and managing the SVE architectural state of user tasks. Calls to the existing FPSIMD low-level save/restore functions are factored out as new functions task_fpsimd_{save,load}(), since SVE now dynamically may or may not need to be handled at these points depending on the kernel configuration, hardware features discovered at boot, and the runtime state of the task. To make these decisions as fast as possible, const cpucaps are used where feasible, via the system_supports_sve() helper. The SVE registers are only tracked for threads that have explicitly used SVE, indicated by the new thread flag TIF_SVE. Otherwise, the FPSIMD view of the architectural state is stored in thread.fpsimd_state as usual. When in use, the SVE registers are not stored directly in thread_struct due to their potentially large and variable size. Because the task_struct slab allocator must be configured very early during kernel boot, it is also tricky to configure it correctly to match the maximum vector length provided by the hardware, since this depends on examining secondary CPUs as well as the primary. Instead, a pointer sve_state in thread_struct points to a dynamically allocated buffer containing the SVE register data, and code is added to allocate and free this buffer at appropriate times. TIF_SVE is set when taking an SVE access trap from userspace, if suitable hardware support has been detected. This enables SVE for the thread: a subsequent return to userspace will disable the trap accordingly. If such a trap is taken without sufficient system- wide hardware support, SIGILL is sent to the thread instead as if an undefined instruction had been executed: this may happen if userspace tries to use SVE in a system where not all CPUs support it for example. The kernel will clear TIF_SVE and disable SVE for the thread whenever an explicit syscall is made by userspace. For backwards compatibility reasons and conformance with the spirit of the base AArch64 procedure call standard, the subset of the SVE register state that aliases the FPSIMD registers is still preserved across a syscall even if this happens. The remainder of the SVE register state logically becomes zero at syscall entry, though the actual zeroing work is currently deferred until the thread next tries to use SVE, causing another trap to the kernel. This implementation is suboptimal: in the future, the fastpath case may be optimised to zero the registers in-place and leave SVE enabled for the task, where beneficial. TIF_SVE is also cleared in the following slowpath cases, which are taken as reasonable hints that the task may no longer use SVE: * exec * fork and clone Code is added to sync data between thread.fpsimd_state and thread.sve_state whenever enabling/disabling SVE, in a manner consistent with the SVE architectural programmer's model. Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> [will: added #include to fix allnoconfig build] [will: use enable_daif in do_sve_acc] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-10-31 15:51:05 +00:00
void arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
fpsimd_release_task(tsk);
}
int arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst, struct task_struct *src)
{
if (current->mm)
fpsimd_preserve_current_state();
*dst = *src;
arm64/sve: Core task context handling This patch adds the core support for switching and managing the SVE architectural state of user tasks. Calls to the existing FPSIMD low-level save/restore functions are factored out as new functions task_fpsimd_{save,load}(), since SVE now dynamically may or may not need to be handled at these points depending on the kernel configuration, hardware features discovered at boot, and the runtime state of the task. To make these decisions as fast as possible, const cpucaps are used where feasible, via the system_supports_sve() helper. The SVE registers are only tracked for threads that have explicitly used SVE, indicated by the new thread flag TIF_SVE. Otherwise, the FPSIMD view of the architectural state is stored in thread.fpsimd_state as usual. When in use, the SVE registers are not stored directly in thread_struct due to their potentially large and variable size. Because the task_struct slab allocator must be configured very early during kernel boot, it is also tricky to configure it correctly to match the maximum vector length provided by the hardware, since this depends on examining secondary CPUs as well as the primary. Instead, a pointer sve_state in thread_struct points to a dynamically allocated buffer containing the SVE register data, and code is added to allocate and free this buffer at appropriate times. TIF_SVE is set when taking an SVE access trap from userspace, if suitable hardware support has been detected. This enables SVE for the thread: a subsequent return to userspace will disable the trap accordingly. If such a trap is taken without sufficient system- wide hardware support, SIGILL is sent to the thread instead as if an undefined instruction had been executed: this may happen if userspace tries to use SVE in a system where not all CPUs support it for example. The kernel will clear TIF_SVE and disable SVE for the thread whenever an explicit syscall is made by userspace. For backwards compatibility reasons and conformance with the spirit of the base AArch64 procedure call standard, the subset of the SVE register state that aliases the FPSIMD registers is still preserved across a syscall even if this happens. The remainder of the SVE register state logically becomes zero at syscall entry, though the actual zeroing work is currently deferred until the thread next tries to use SVE, causing another trap to the kernel. This implementation is suboptimal: in the future, the fastpath case may be optimised to zero the registers in-place and leave SVE enabled for the task, where beneficial. TIF_SVE is also cleared in the following slowpath cases, which are taken as reasonable hints that the task may no longer use SVE: * exec * fork and clone Code is added to sync data between thread.fpsimd_state and thread.sve_state whenever enabling/disabling SVE, in a manner consistent with the SVE architectural programmer's model. Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> [will: added #include to fix allnoconfig build] [will: use enable_daif in do_sve_acc] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-10-31 15:51:05 +00:00
arm64/sve: Fix wrong free for task->thread.sve_state The system which has SVE feature crashed because of the memory pointed by task->thread.sve_state was destroyed by someone. That is because sve_state is freed while the forking the child process. The child process has the pointer of sve_state which is same as the parent's because the child's task_struct is copied from the parent's one. If the copy_process() fails as an error on somewhere, for example, copy_creds(), then the sve_state is freed even if the parent is alive. The flow is as follows. copy_process p = dup_task_struct => arch_dup_task_struct *dst = *src; // copy the entire region. : retval = copy_creds if (retval < 0) goto bad_fork_free; : bad_fork_free: ... delayed_free_task(p); => free_task => arch_release_task_struct => fpsimd_release_task => __sve_free => kfree(task->thread.sve_state); // free the parent's sve_state Move child's sve_state = NULL and clearing TIF_SVE flag to arch_dup_task_struct() so that the child doesn't free the parent's one. There is no need to wait until copy_process() to clear TIF_SVE for dst, because the thread flags for dst are initialized already by copying the src task_struct. This change simplifies the code, so get rid of comments that are no longer needed. As a note, arm64 used to have thread_info on the stack. So it would not be possible to clear TIF_SVE until the stack is initialized. From commit c02433dd6de3 ("arm64: split thread_info from task stack"), the thread_info is part of the task, so it should be valid to modify the flag from arch_dup_task_struct(). Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.15.x- Fixes: bc0ee4760364 ("arm64/sve: Core task context handling") Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com> Reported-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com> Suggested-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Tested-by: Julien Grall <julien.grall@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-09-30 20:56:00 +00:00
/* We rely on the above assignment to initialize dst's thread_flags: */
BUILD_BUG_ON(!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK));
/*
* Detach src's sve_state (if any) from dst so that it does not
* get erroneously used or freed prematurely. dst's sve_state
* will be allocated on demand later on if dst uses SVE.
* For consistency, also clear TIF_SVE here: this could be done
* later in copy_process(), but to avoid tripping up future
* maintainers it is best not to leave TIF_SVE and sve_state in
* an inconsistent state, even temporarily.
*/
dst->thread.sve_state = NULL;
clear_tsk_thread_flag(dst, TIF_SVE);
/* clear any pending asynchronous tag fault raised by the parent */
clear_tsk_thread_flag(dst, TIF_MTE_ASYNC_FAULT);
return 0;
}
asmlinkage void ret_from_fork(void) asm("ret_from_fork");
int copy_thread(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long stack_start,
unsigned long stk_sz, struct task_struct *p, unsigned long tls)
{
struct pt_regs *childregs = task_pt_regs(p);
memset(&p->thread.cpu_context, 0, sizeof(struct cpu_context));
arm64: fpsimd: Prevent registers leaking from dead tasks Currently, loading of a task's fpsimd state into the CPU registers is skipped if that task's state is already present in the registers of that CPU. However, the code relies on the struct fpsimd_state * (and by extension struct task_struct *) to unambiguously identify a task. There is a particular case in which this doesn't work reliably: when a task exits, its task_struct may be recycled to describe a new task. Consider the following scenario: 1) Task P loads its fpsimd state onto cpu C. per_cpu(fpsimd_last_state, C) := P; P->thread.fpsimd_state.cpu := C; 2) Task X is scheduled onto C and loads its fpsimd state on C. per_cpu(fpsimd_last_state, C) := X; X->thread.fpsimd_state.cpu := C; 3) X exits, causing X's task_struct to be freed. 4) P forks a new child T, which obtains X's recycled task_struct. T == X. T->thread.fpsimd_state.cpu == C (inherited from P). 5) T is scheduled on C. T's fpsimd state is not loaded, because per_cpu(fpsimd_last_state, C) == T (== X) && T->thread.fpsimd_state.cpu == C. (This is the check performed by fpsimd_thread_switch().) So, T gets X's registers because the last registers loaded onto C were those of X, in (2). This patch fixes the problem by ensuring that the sched-in check fails in (5): fpsimd_flush_task_state(T) is called when T is forked, so that T->thread.fpsimd_state.cpu == C cannot be true. This relies on the fact that T is not schedulable until after copy_thread() completes. Once T's fpsimd state has been loaded on some CPU C there may still be other cpus D for which per_cpu(fpsimd_last_state, D) == &X->thread.fpsimd_state. But D is necessarily != C in this case, and the check in (5) must fail. An alternative fix would be to do refcounting on task_struct. This would result in each CPU holding a reference to the last task whose fpsimd state was loaded there. It's not clear whether this is preferable, and it involves higher overhead than the fix proposed in this patch. It would also move all the task_struct freeing work into the context switch critical section, or otherwise some deferred cleanup mechanism would need to be introduced, neither of which seems obviously justified. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Fixes: 005f78cd8849 ("arm64: defer reloading a task's FPSIMD state to userland resume") Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> [will: word-smithed the comment so it makes more sense] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-12-05 14:56:42 +00:00
/*
* In case p was allocated the same task_struct pointer as some
* other recently-exited task, make sure p is disassociated from
* any cpu that may have run that now-exited task recently.
* Otherwise we could erroneously skip reloading the FPSIMD
* registers for p.
*/
fpsimd_flush_task_state(p);
ptrauth_thread_init_kernel(p);
if (likely(!(p->flags & (PF_KTHREAD | PF_IO_WORKER)))) {
*childregs = *current_pt_regs();
childregs->regs[0] = 0;
/*
* Read the current TLS pointer from tpidr_el0 as it may be
* out-of-sync with the saved value.
*/
*task_user_tls(p) = read_sysreg(tpidr_el0);
if (stack_start) {
if (is_compat_thread(task_thread_info(p)))
childregs->compat_sp = stack_start;
else
childregs->sp = stack_start;
}
/*
* If a TLS pointer was passed to clone, use it for the new
* thread.
*/
if (clone_flags & CLONE_SETTLS)
p->thread.uw.tp_value = tls;
} else {
/*
* A kthread has no context to ERET to, so ensure any buggy
* ERET is treated as an illegal exception return.
*
* When a user task is created from a kthread, childregs will
* be initialized by start_thread() or start_compat_thread().
*/
memset(childregs, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
childregs->pstate = PSR_MODE_EL1h | PSR_IL_BIT;
p->thread.cpu_context.x19 = stack_start;
p->thread.cpu_context.x20 = stk_sz;
}
p->thread.cpu_context.pc = (unsigned long)ret_from_fork;
p->thread.cpu_context.sp = (unsigned long)childregs;
ptrace_hw_copy_thread(p);
return 0;
}
void tls_preserve_current_state(void)
{
*task_user_tls(current) = read_sysreg(tpidr_el0);
}
static void tls_thread_switch(struct task_struct *next)
{
tls_preserve_current_state();
if (is_compat_thread(task_thread_info(next)))
arm64: uaccess: Fix omissions from usercopy whitelist When the hardend usercopy support was added for arm64, it was concluded that all cases of usercopy into and out of thread_struct were statically sized and so didn't require explicit whitelisting of the appropriate fields in thread_struct. Testing with usercopy hardening enabled has revealed that this is not the case for certain ptrace regset manipulation calls on arm64. This occurs because the sizes of usercopies associated with the regset API are dynamic by construction, and because arm64 does not always stage such copies via the stack: indeed the regset API is designed to avoid the need for that by adding some bounds checking. This is currently believed to affect only the fpsimd and TLS registers. Because the whitelisted fields in thread_struct must be contiguous, this patch groups them together in a nested struct. It is also necessary to be able to determine the location and size of that struct, so rather than making the struct anonymous (which would save on edits elsewhere) or adding an anonymous union containing named and unnamed instances of the same struct (gross), this patch gives the struct a name and makes the necessary edits to code that references it (noisy but simple). Care is needed to ensure that the new struct does not contain padding (which the usercopy hardening would fail to protect). For this reason, the presence of tp2_value is made unconditional, since a padding field would be needed there in any case. This pads up to the 16-byte alignment required by struct user_fpsimd_state. Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Fixes: 9e8084d3f761 ("arm64: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy") Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2018-03-28 09:50:49 +00:00
write_sysreg(next->thread.uw.tp_value, tpidrro_el0);
else if (!arm64_kernel_unmapped_at_el0())
write_sysreg(0, tpidrro_el0);
write_sysreg(*task_user_tls(next), tpidr_el0);
}
/*
* Force SSBS state on context-switch, since it may be lost after migrating
* from a CPU which treats the bit as RES0 in a heterogeneous system.
*/
static void ssbs_thread_switch(struct task_struct *next)
{
/*
* Nothing to do for kernel threads, but 'regs' may be junk
* (e.g. idle task) so check the flags and bail early.
*/
if (unlikely(next->flags & PF_KTHREAD))
return;
/*
* If all CPUs implement the SSBS extension, then we just need to
* context-switch the PSTATE field.
*/
if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_SSBS))
return;
spectre_v4_enable_task_mitigation(next);
}
arm64: split thread_info from task stack This patch moves arm64's struct thread_info from the task stack into task_struct. This protects thread_info from corruption in the case of stack overflows, and makes its address harder to determine if stack addresses are leaked, making a number of attacks more difficult. Precise detection and handling of overflow is left for subsequent patches. Largely, this involves changing code to store the task_struct in sp_el0, and acquire the thread_info from the task struct. Core code now implements current_thread_info(), and as noted in <linux/sched.h> this relies on offsetof(task_struct, thread_info) == 0, enforced by core code. This change means that the 'tsk' register used in entry.S now points to a task_struct, rather than a thread_info as it used to. To make this clear, the TI_* field offsets are renamed to TSK_TI_*, with asm-offsets appropriately updated to account for the structural change. Userspace clobbers sp_el0, and we can no longer restore this from the stack. Instead, the current task is cached in a per-cpu variable that we can safely access from early assembly as interrupts are disabled (and we are thus not preemptible). Both secondary entry and idle are updated to stash the sp and task pointer separately. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2016-11-03 20:23:13 +00:00
/*
* We store our current task in sp_el0, which is clobbered by userspace. Keep a
* shadow copy so that we can restore this upon entry from userspace.
*
* This is *only* for exception entry from EL0, and is not valid until we
* __switch_to() a user task.
*/
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, __entry_task);
static void entry_task_switch(struct task_struct *next)
{
__this_cpu_write(__entry_task, next);
}
/*
* ARM erratum 1418040 handling, affecting the 32bit view of CNTVCT.
* Assuming the virtual counter is enabled at the beginning of times:
*
* - disable access when switching from a 64bit task to a 32bit task
* - enable access when switching from a 32bit task to a 64bit task
*/
static void erratum_1418040_thread_switch(struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next)
{
bool prev32, next32;
u64 val;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_1418040))
return;
prev32 = is_compat_thread(task_thread_info(prev));
next32 = is_compat_thread(task_thread_info(next));
if (prev32 == next32 || !this_cpu_has_cap(ARM64_WORKAROUND_1418040))
return;
val = read_sysreg(cntkctl_el1);
if (!next32)
val |= ARCH_TIMER_USR_VCT_ACCESS_EN;
else
val &= ~ARCH_TIMER_USR_VCT_ACCESS_EN;
write_sysreg(val, cntkctl_el1);
}
static void update_sctlr_el1(u64 sctlr)
{
arm64: Introduce prctl(PR_PAC_{SET,GET}_ENABLED_KEYS) This change introduces a prctl that allows the user program to control which PAC keys are enabled in a particular task. The main reason why this is useful is to enable a userspace ABI that uses PAC to sign and authenticate function pointers and other pointers exposed outside of the function, while still allowing binaries conforming to the ABI to interoperate with legacy binaries that do not sign or authenticate pointers. The idea is that a dynamic loader or early startup code would issue this prctl very early after establishing that a process may load legacy binaries, but before executing any PAC instructions. This change adds a small amount of overhead to kernel entry and exit due to additional required instruction sequences. On a DragonBoard 845c (Cortex-A75) with the powersave governor, the overhead of similar instruction sequences was measured as 4.9ns when simulating the common case where IA is left enabled, or 43.7ns when simulating the uncommon case where IA is disabled. These numbers can be seen as the worst case scenario, since in more realistic scenarios a better performing governor would be used and a newer chip would be used that would support PAC unlike Cortex-A75 and would be expected to be faster than Cortex-A75. On an Apple M1 under a hypervisor, the overhead of the entry/exit instruction sequences introduced by this patch was measured as 0.3ns in the case where IA is left enabled, and 33.0ns in the case where IA is disabled. Signed-off-by: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Link: https://linux-review.googlesource.com/id/Ibc41a5e6a76b275efbaa126b31119dc197b927a5 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d6609065f8f40397a4124654eb68c9f490b4d477.1616123271.git.pcc@google.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2021-03-19 03:10:53 +00:00
/*
* EnIA must not be cleared while in the kernel as this is necessary for
* in-kernel PAC. It will be cleared on kernel exit if needed.
*/
sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, SCTLR_USER_MASK & ~SCTLR_ELx_ENIA, sctlr);
/* ISB required for the kernel uaccess routines when setting TCF0. */
isb();
}
void set_task_sctlr_el1(u64 sctlr)
{
/*
* __switch_to() checks current->thread.sctlr as an
* optimisation. Disable preemption so that it does not see
* the variable update before the SCTLR_EL1 one.
*/
preempt_disable();
current->thread.sctlr_user = sctlr;
update_sctlr_el1(sctlr);
preempt_enable();
}
/*
* Thread switching.
*/
__notrace_funcgraph struct task_struct *__switch_to(struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next)
{
struct task_struct *last;
fpsimd_thread_switch(next);
tls_thread_switch(next);
hw_breakpoint_thread_switch(next);
contextidr_thread_switch(next);
arm64: split thread_info from task stack This patch moves arm64's struct thread_info from the task stack into task_struct. This protects thread_info from corruption in the case of stack overflows, and makes its address harder to determine if stack addresses are leaked, making a number of attacks more difficult. Precise detection and handling of overflow is left for subsequent patches. Largely, this involves changing code to store the task_struct in sp_el0, and acquire the thread_info from the task struct. Core code now implements current_thread_info(), and as noted in <linux/sched.h> this relies on offsetof(task_struct, thread_info) == 0, enforced by core code. This change means that the 'tsk' register used in entry.S now points to a task_struct, rather than a thread_info as it used to. To make this clear, the TI_* field offsets are renamed to TSK_TI_*, with asm-offsets appropriately updated to account for the structural change. Userspace clobbers sp_el0, and we can no longer restore this from the stack. Instead, the current task is cached in a per-cpu variable that we can safely access from early assembly as interrupts are disabled (and we are thus not preemptible). Both secondary entry and idle are updated to stash the sp and task pointer separately. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2016-11-03 20:23:13 +00:00
entry_task_switch(next);
ssbs_thread_switch(next);
erratum_1418040_thread_switch(prev, next);
ptrauth_thread_switch_user(next);
/*
* Complete any pending TLB or cache maintenance on this CPU in case
* the thread migrates to a different CPU.
membarrier: Provide expedited private command Implement MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED with IPIs using cpumask built from all runqueues for which current thread's mm is the same as the thread calling sys_membarrier. It executes faster than the non-expedited variant (no blocking). It also works on NOHZ_FULL configurations. Scheduler-wise, it requires a memory barrier before and after context switching between processes (which have different mm). The memory barrier before context switch is already present. For the barrier after context switch: * Our TSO archs can do RELEASE without being a full barrier. Look at x86 spin_unlock() being a regular STORE for example. But for those archs, all atomics imply smp_mb and all of them have atomic ops in switch_mm() for mm_cpumask(), and on x86 the CR3 load acts as a full barrier. * From all weakly ordered machines, only ARM64 and PPC can do RELEASE, the rest does indeed do smp_mb(), so there the spin_unlock() is a full barrier and we're good. * ARM64 has a very heavy barrier in switch_to(), which suffices. * PPC just removed its barrier from switch_to(), but appears to be talking about adding something to switch_mm(). So add a smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() for now, until this is settled on the PPC side. Changes since v3: - Properly document the memory barriers provided by each architecture. Changes since v2: - Address comments from Peter Zijlstra, - Add smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() after finish_lock_switch() in finish_task_switch() to add the memory barrier we need after storing to rq->curr. This is much simpler than the previous approach relying on atomic_dec_and_test() in mmdrop(), which actually added a memory barrier in the common case of switching between userspace processes. - Return -EINVAL when MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is used on a nohz_full kernel, rather than having the whole membarrier system call returning -ENOSYS. Indeed, CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED is compatible with nohz_full. Adapt the CMD_QUERY mask accordingly. Changes since v1: - move membarrier code under kernel/sched/ because it uses the scheduler runqueue, - only add the barrier when we switch from a kernel thread. The case where we switch from a user-space thread is already handled by the atomic_dec_and_test() in mmdrop(). - add a comment to mmdrop() documenting the requirement on the implicit memory barrier. CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> CC: Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com> CC: Maged Michael <maged.michael@gmail.com> CC: gromer@google.com CC: Avi Kivity <avi@scylladb.com> CC: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> CC: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> CC: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Dave Watson <davejwatson@fb.com>
2017-07-28 20:40:40 +00:00
* This full barrier is also required by the membarrier system
* call.
*/
dsb(ish);
/*
* MTE thread switching must happen after the DSB above to ensure that
* any asynchronous tag check faults have been logged in the TFSR*_EL1
* registers.
*/
mte_thread_switch(next);
/* avoid expensive SCTLR_EL1 accesses if no change */
if (prev->thread.sctlr_user != next->thread.sctlr_user)
update_sctlr_el1(next->thread.sctlr_user);
/* the actual thread switch */
last = cpu_switch_to(prev, next);
return last;
}
unsigned long get_wchan(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct stackframe frame;
unsigned long stack_page, ret = 0;
int count = 0;
if (!p || p == current || p->state == TASK_RUNNING)
return 0;
stack_page = (unsigned long)try_get_task_stack(p);
if (!stack_page)
return 0;
start_backtrace(&frame, thread_saved_fp(p), thread_saved_pc(p));
do {
if (unwind_frame(p, &frame))
goto out;
if (!in_sched_functions(frame.pc)) {
ret = frame.pc;
goto out;
}
} while (count++ < 16);
out:
put_task_stack(p);
return ret;
}
unsigned long arch_align_stack(unsigned long sp)
{
if (!(current->personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) && randomize_va_space)
sp -= get_random_int() & ~PAGE_MASK;
return sp & ~0xf;
}
/*
* Called from setup_new_exec() after (COMPAT_)SET_PERSONALITY.
*/
void arch_setup_new_exec(void)
{
current->mm->context.flags = is_compat_task() ? MMCF_AARCH32 : 0;
arm64: Introduce prctl(PR_PAC_{SET,GET}_ENABLED_KEYS) This change introduces a prctl that allows the user program to control which PAC keys are enabled in a particular task. The main reason why this is useful is to enable a userspace ABI that uses PAC to sign and authenticate function pointers and other pointers exposed outside of the function, while still allowing binaries conforming to the ABI to interoperate with legacy binaries that do not sign or authenticate pointers. The idea is that a dynamic loader or early startup code would issue this prctl very early after establishing that a process may load legacy binaries, but before executing any PAC instructions. This change adds a small amount of overhead to kernel entry and exit due to additional required instruction sequences. On a DragonBoard 845c (Cortex-A75) with the powersave governor, the overhead of similar instruction sequences was measured as 4.9ns when simulating the common case where IA is left enabled, or 43.7ns when simulating the uncommon case where IA is disabled. These numbers can be seen as the worst case scenario, since in more realistic scenarios a better performing governor would be used and a newer chip would be used that would support PAC unlike Cortex-A75 and would be expected to be faster than Cortex-A75. On an Apple M1 under a hypervisor, the overhead of the entry/exit instruction sequences introduced by this patch was measured as 0.3ns in the case where IA is left enabled, and 33.0ns in the case where IA is disabled. Signed-off-by: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Link: https://linux-review.googlesource.com/id/Ibc41a5e6a76b275efbaa126b31119dc197b927a5 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d6609065f8f40397a4124654eb68c9f490b4d477.1616123271.git.pcc@google.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2021-03-19 03:10:53 +00:00
ptrauth_thread_init_user();
mte_thread_init_user();
if (task_spec_ssb_noexec(current)) {
arch_prctl_spec_ctrl_set(current, PR_SPEC_STORE_BYPASS,
PR_SPEC_ENABLE);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_TAGGED_ADDR_ABI
/*
* Control the relaxed ABI allowing tagged user addresses into the kernel.
*/
static unsigned int tagged_addr_disabled;
long set_tagged_addr_ctrl(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long arg)
{
unsigned long valid_mask = PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE;
struct thread_info *ti = task_thread_info(task);
if (is_compat_thread(ti))
return -EINVAL;
if (system_supports_mte())
valid_mask |= PR_MTE_TCF_MASK | PR_MTE_TAG_MASK;
if (arg & ~valid_mask)
return -EINVAL;
/*
* Do not allow the enabling of the tagged address ABI if globally
* disabled via sysctl abi.tagged_addr_disabled.
*/
if (arg & PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE && tagged_addr_disabled)
return -EINVAL;
if (set_mte_ctrl(task, arg) != 0)
return -EINVAL;
update_ti_thread_flag(ti, TIF_TAGGED_ADDR, arg & PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE);
return 0;
}
long get_tagged_addr_ctrl(struct task_struct *task)
{
long ret = 0;
struct thread_info *ti = task_thread_info(task);
if (is_compat_thread(ti))
return -EINVAL;
if (test_ti_thread_flag(ti, TIF_TAGGED_ADDR))
ret = PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE;
ret |= get_mte_ctrl(task);
return ret;
}
/*
* Global sysctl to disable the tagged user addresses support. This control
* only prevents the tagged address ABI enabling via prctl() and does not
* disable it for tasks that already opted in to the relaxed ABI.
*/
static struct ctl_table tagged_addr_sysctl_table[] = {
{
.procname = "tagged_addr_disabled",
.mode = 0644,
.data = &tagged_addr_disabled,
.maxlen = sizeof(int),
.proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
.extra2 = SYSCTL_ONE,
},
{ }
};
static int __init tagged_addr_init(void)
{
if (!register_sysctl("abi", tagged_addr_sysctl_table))
return -EINVAL;
return 0;
}
core_initcall(tagged_addr_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_TAGGED_ADDR_ABI */
arm64: entry.S: Do not preempt from IRQ before all cpufeatures are enabled Preempting from IRQ-return means that the task has its PSTATE saved on the stack, which will get restored when the task is resumed and does the actual IRQ return. However, enabling some CPU features requires modifying the PSTATE. This means that, if a task was scheduled out during an IRQ-return before all CPU features are enabled, the task might restore a PSTATE that does not include the feature enablement changes once scheduled back in. * Task 1: PAN == 0 ---| |--------------- | |<- return from IRQ, PSTATE.PAN = 0 | <- IRQ | +--------+ <- preempt() +-- ^ | reschedule Task 1, PSTATE.PAN == 1 * Init: --------------------+------------------------ ^ | enable_cpu_features set PSTATE.PAN on all CPUs Worse than this, since PSTATE is untouched when task switching is done, a task missing the new bits in PSTATE might affect another task, if both do direct calls to schedule() (outside of IRQ/exception contexts). Fix this by preventing preemption on IRQ-return until features are enabled on all CPUs. This way the only PSTATE values that are saved on the stack are from synchronous exceptions. These are expected to be fatal this early, the exception is BRK for WARN_ON(), but as this uses do_debug_exception() which keeps IRQs masked, it shouldn't call schedule(). Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com> [james: Replaced a really cool hack, with an even simpler static key in C. expanded commit message with Julien's cover-letter ascii art] Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-10-15 17:25:44 +00:00
asmlinkage void __sched arm64_preempt_schedule_irq(void)
{
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
/*
* Preempting a task from an IRQ means we leave copies of PSTATE
* on the stack. cpufeature's enable calls may modify PSTATE, but
* resuming one of these preempted tasks would undo those changes.
*
* Only allow a task to be preempted once cpufeatures have been
* enabled.
*/
arm64: Introduce system_capabilities_finalized() marker We finalize the system wide capabilities after the SMP CPUs are booted by the kernel. This is used as a marker for deciding various checks in the kernel. e.g, sanity check the hotplugged CPUs for missing mandatory features. However there is no explicit helper available for this in the kernel. There is sys_caps_initialised, which is not exposed. The other closest one we have is the jump_label arm64_const_caps_ready which denotes that the capabilities are set and the capability checks could use the individual jump_labels for fast path. This is performed before setting the ELF Hwcaps, which must be checked against the new CPUs. We also perform some of the other initialization e.g, SVE setup, which is important for the use of FP/SIMD where SVE is supported. Normally userspace doesn't get to run before we finish this. However the in-kernel users may potentially start using the neon mode. So, we need to reject uses of neon mode before we are set. Instead of defining a new marker for the completion of SVE setup, we could simply reuse the arm64_const_caps_ready and enable it once we have finished all the setup. Also we could expose this to the various users as "system_capabilities_finalized()" to make it more meaningful than "const_caps_ready". Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-01-13 23:30:17 +00:00
if (system_capabilities_finalized())
arm64: entry.S: Do not preempt from IRQ before all cpufeatures are enabled Preempting from IRQ-return means that the task has its PSTATE saved on the stack, which will get restored when the task is resumed and does the actual IRQ return. However, enabling some CPU features requires modifying the PSTATE. This means that, if a task was scheduled out during an IRQ-return before all CPU features are enabled, the task might restore a PSTATE that does not include the feature enablement changes once scheduled back in. * Task 1: PAN == 0 ---| |--------------- | |<- return from IRQ, PSTATE.PAN = 0 | <- IRQ | +--------+ <- preempt() +-- ^ | reschedule Task 1, PSTATE.PAN == 1 * Init: --------------------+------------------------ ^ | enable_cpu_features set PSTATE.PAN on all CPUs Worse than this, since PSTATE is untouched when task switching is done, a task missing the new bits in PSTATE might affect another task, if both do direct calls to schedule() (outside of IRQ/exception contexts). Fix this by preventing preemption on IRQ-return until features are enabled on all CPUs. This way the only PSTATE values that are saved on the stack are from synchronous exceptions. These are expected to be fatal this early, the exception is BRK for WARN_ON(), but as this uses do_debug_exception() which keeps IRQs masked, it shouldn't call schedule(). Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com> [james: Replaced a really cool hack, with an even simpler static key in C. expanded commit message with Julien's cover-letter ascii art] Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-10-15 17:25:44 +00:00
preempt_schedule_irq();
}
#ifdef CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF
int arch_elf_adjust_prot(int prot, const struct arch_elf_state *state,
bool has_interp, bool is_interp)
{
/*
* For dynamically linked executables the interpreter is
* responsible for setting PROT_BTI on everything except
* itself.
*/
if (is_interp != has_interp)
return prot;
if (!(state->flags & ARM64_ELF_BTI))
return prot;
if (prot & PROT_EXEC)
prot |= PROT_BTI;
return prot;
}
#endif